CVE-2020-28613 is a security vulnerability identified in the CGAL Project's libcgal library version 5.1.1, specifically within the Nef polygon-parsing functionality. The vulnerability arises from improper validation of array indices (CWE-129) in the code handling polygon data structures. The core issue is an out-of-bounds (OOB) read in the function SNC_io_parser<EW>::read_vertex(), located in the Nef_S2/SNC_io_parser.h file. This function improperly accesses an array element via vh->svertices_last() without adequate bounds checking, which can lead to reading memory outside the intended buffer. Additionally, this OOB read can cause type confusion, where the program misinterprets data types, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by supplying a specially crafted malformed polygon file to an application that uses libcgal for geometric computations. Since CGAL is a computational geometry library used in various software for CAD, 3D modeling, and scientific computing, any application processing untrusted polygon data with the vulnerable version of libcgal is at risk. The vulnerability does not require authentication but does require the application to parse attacker-controlled input files. No known public exploits have been reported, and no official patches have been linked, though the issue was reserved and disclosed by Talos and CISA. The severity is assessed as medium by the source, but the potential for code execution elevates the risk profile depending on the deployment context.

For European organizations, the impact depends on the extent to which they rely on software incorporating CGAL libcgal 5.1.1 for processing polygonal or geometric data. Industries such as manufacturing, automotive design, aerospace, civil engineering, and scientific research often use CAD and 3D modeling tools that may embed CGAL. Exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, enabling attackers to compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems. This could result in intellectual property theft, sabotage of design files, or disruption of critical engineering workflows. Since the vulnerability can be triggered by malicious input files, supply chain attacks or targeted spear-phishing with malicious attachments are plausible vectors. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, especially as attackers may develop exploits over time. Organizations processing untrusted polygon data or collaborating with external partners exchanging such files are particularly vulnerable. The medium severity rating suggests moderate urgency, but the potential for code execution warrants proactive mitigation to prevent escalation.

Identify and inventory all software products and internal tools that incorporate CGAL libcgal version 5.1.1 or earlier, especially those handling polygon or geometric data parsing. Where possible, upgrade to a later, patched version of CGAL libcgal once available. If no official patch exists, monitor CGAL project repositories and security advisories for updates. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all polygon or geometric data files before processing, including rejecting malformed or suspicious files. Employ application-level sandboxing or containerization for software that processes untrusted polygon files to limit the impact of potential exploitation. Use file integrity monitoring and endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Restrict access to polygon-processing applications to trusted users and networks, and avoid processing files from unverified external sources. Engage with software vendors to confirm their use of CGAL and inquire about their patching plans or mitigations. Conduct security awareness training for staff handling CAD and geometric data to recognize and report suspicious files. Consider implementing network segmentation for systems running vulnerable software to reduce lateral movement in case of compromise.