CVE-1999-0364 is a critical vulnerability affecting Microsoft Access 97 and version 6.0 databases, where the database password is stored in plaintext within a foreign .mdb file. This flaw allows an attacker with access to the database file to retrieve the password without any cryptographic barriers, thereby gaining unauthorized access to the database contents. Since the password is stored unencrypted, any user who can obtain the .mdb file can easily extract the password and subsequently access, modify, or exfiltrate sensitive data stored within the Access database. The vulnerability is particularly severe because it requires no authentication or user interaction to exploit; possession of the database file alone is sufficient. The CVSS score of 10.0 reflects the highest severity, indicating complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although this vulnerability dates back to 1999 and affects legacy software versions, it remains relevant in environments where these outdated Access versions are still in use, especially in legacy systems or archival data stores. No patches or fixes are available, which means mitigation relies on compensating controls and migration strategies.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant if legacy Microsoft Access 97 or version 6.0 databases are still in operational use. Confidential business data, customer information, or intellectual property stored in these databases could be exposed if an attacker gains access to the database files. This could lead to data breaches, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations), reputational damage, and potential financial penalties. The ease of exploitation means that insider threats or attackers who gain access to file shares, backups, or removable media could compromise sensitive data without sophisticated tools. Given the high CVSS score, the vulnerability could also facilitate lateral movement within a network if the compromised database contains credentials or configuration data for other systems. Although modern systems have largely moved away from Access 97, some European organizations in sectors such as manufacturing, government, or small-to-medium enterprises may still rely on legacy applications, increasing their risk exposure.

Since no patches are available for this vulnerability, European organizations should prioritize the following mitigation strategies: 1) Identify and inventory all Microsoft Access 97 and 6.0 database files in use across the organization. 2) Migrate legacy databases to modern, supported database platforms that implement strong encryption and access controls. 3) Restrict access to legacy database files using strict file system permissions and network segmentation to limit exposure. 4) Encrypt backups and storage media containing these database files to prevent unauthorized access. 5) Implement robust monitoring and auditing of file access to detect suspicious activity involving legacy database files. 6) Educate staff about the risks of using outdated software and the importance of data protection. 7) If migration is not immediately feasible, consider converting Access databases to newer formats that support encryption or applying third-party encryption tools to protect the files at rest. These steps will reduce the risk of unauthorized data disclosure and help comply with data protection regulations.