CVE-2022-26769 is a high-severity memory corruption vulnerability affecting Apple macOS systems, specifically addressed in the Security Update 2022-004 for macOS Catalina, as well as macOS Monterey 12.4 and macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. The vulnerability arises from insufficient input validation that leads to a memory corruption condition, classified under CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write). Exploitation of this flaw allows a malicious application to execute arbitrary code with kernel-level privileges, effectively granting full control over the affected system's core functions. The vulnerability requires local access (attack vector: local), does not require prior privileges (PR:N), but does require user interaction (UI:R), such as running a malicious application. The scope remains unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component without affecting other system components. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. While no known exploits have been reported in the wild, the potential for privilege escalation to kernel level makes this a critical risk if exploited. The vulnerability affects multiple macOS versions, including Catalina, Big Sur, and Monterey, which are widely used in enterprise and consumer environments. The patch addresses the issue by improving input validation to prevent memory corruption.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially those with macOS endpoints in their IT infrastructure. Successful exploitation could lead to complete system compromise, allowing attackers to bypass security controls, access sensitive data, install persistent malware, or disrupt system availability. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and technology, which often use macOS devices, could face data breaches, operational disruption, and compliance violations under GDPR. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering could be used to trick users into running malicious applications, increasing the attack surface. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, exploitation could result in severe damage to organizational reputation and financial loss. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk, but the availability of patches means unpatched systems remain vulnerable to emerging threats.

European organizations should prioritize deploying the Security Update 2022-004 for macOS Catalina, as well as updates for Big Sur and Monterey, across all affected devices without delay. Beyond patching, organizations should implement application whitelisting to restrict execution of unauthorized applications, reducing the risk of malicious code execution. Endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions should be configured to monitor for unusual kernel-level activity indicative of exploitation attempts. User awareness training should emphasize the risks of running untrusted applications and recognizing social engineering tactics. Network segmentation can limit lateral movement if a device is compromised. Additionally, enforcing least privilege principles and disabling unnecessary local accounts can reduce the attack surface. Regular vulnerability scanning and compliance checks should verify patch deployment status. For organizations with macOS management capabilities, automated patch management tools should be leveraged to ensure timely updates. Finally, maintaining robust backup and recovery procedures will mitigate impact in case of successful exploitation.