CVE-2025-24992 is a buffer over-read vulnerability classified under CWE-126, affecting the NTFS file system driver in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking during NTFS operations, allowing an attacker with local access to read memory beyond the intended buffer boundaries. Such a flaw can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information residing in adjacent memory regions. The attack vector is local, requiring the attacker to have physical or remote local user access and to perform some user interaction, but no elevated privileges are necessary. The vulnerability does not affect system integrity or availability but compromises confidentiality by leaking potentially sensitive data. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5 (medium), reflecting the limited attack scope and the requirement for user interaction. No patches or mitigations have been officially released at the time of disclosure, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild. The vulnerability was reserved on January 30, 2025, and published on March 11, 2025. Given the affected product is Windows 10 Version 1809, which is an older release, many organizations may have already migrated to newer versions, but legacy systems remain vulnerable. The vulnerability is particularly relevant for environments where local user access cannot be tightly controlled, such as shared workstations or multi-user systems.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-24992 is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information due to the buffer over-read in NTFS. This could lead to leakage of confidential data stored in memory, which might include credentials, cryptographic keys, or other sensitive information. Although the vulnerability does not allow privilege escalation or system disruption, the confidentiality breach can facilitate further attacks or data exfiltration. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure, where sensitive data is handled and legacy Windows 10 1809 systems are still in use, face increased risk. The requirement for local access and user interaction limits remote exploitation, but insider threats or compromised local accounts could exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, environments with shared or public access terminals are more susceptible. The lack of available patches increases exposure duration, emphasizing the need for compensating controls. Overall, the impact is moderate but significant in contexts where confidentiality is paramount and legacy systems persist.

To mitigate CVE-2025-24992, European organizations should first identify and inventory all systems running Windows 10 Version 1809. Prioritize upgrading or migrating these systems to supported, patched Windows versions to eliminate exposure. Until patches are available, enforce strict local access controls by limiting physical and remote local user access to trusted personnel only. Implement the principle of least privilege to reduce the number of users who can interact with vulnerable systems. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for unusual local activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Disable or restrict use of shared workstations and public terminals where possible. Educate users about the risks of interacting with untrusted files or applications locally. Network segmentation can help contain potential insider threats. Regularly review and audit local user accounts and access logs to detect suspicious behavior. Finally, stay informed about vendor updates and apply security patches promptly once released.