CVE-2025-27446 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-732 (Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource) affecting the Apache APISIX Java Plugin Runner component. The flaw arises from improper file permission settings on local listening files used by the plugin runner, which are critical resources. These files, if accessible by unauthorized local users, can be manipulated to escalate privileges beyond the attacker's initial access level. The vulnerability affects versions 0.2.0 through 0.5.0 of the Apache APISIX Java Plugin Runner. Exploitation requires local access with low privileges but does not require user interaction, making it a straightforward privilege escalation vector. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as an attacker gaining elevated privileges could access sensitive data, modify plugin behavior, or disrupt services. The Apache Software Foundation addressed this issue in version 0.6.0 by correcting the permission assignments on the affected files. While no known exploits have been reported in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and high CVSS score (7.8) indicate a significant risk, especially in multi-tenant or shared environments where local user separation is critical.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-27446 can be substantial, particularly for those deploying Apache APISIX Java Plugin Runner in production environments. Privilege escalation vulnerabilities allow attackers with limited local access to gain higher privileges, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification or disruption of services, and lateral movement within networks. This risk is heightened in environments with shared hosting, containerized deployments, or where multiple users have local system access. Confidentiality breaches could expose personal data protected under GDPR, leading to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Integrity and availability impacts could disrupt critical business services or APIs managed by APISIX, affecting customer-facing applications and internal operations. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as attackers may develop exploits once the vulnerability details are public. Organizations relying on Apache APISIX for API gateway functions should consider this vulnerability a priority for patching to maintain security posture and compliance.

European organizations should immediately upgrade Apache APISIX Java Plugin Runner to version 0.6.0 or later, where the permission assignment issue is resolved. Until upgrading is possible, organizations should restrict local user access to systems running the vulnerable versions, employing strict access controls and monitoring for suspicious local activity. Implementing host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) can help detect unauthorized attempts to access or modify the local listening files. Additionally, organizations should audit file permissions on the plugin runner's local files to ensure they are not overly permissive. Employing containerization or sandboxing techniques can further isolate the plugin runner process to limit the impact of potential privilege escalations. Regularly reviewing and updating system and application logs will aid in early detection of exploitation attempts. Finally, integrating this vulnerability into vulnerability management and patching workflows will ensure timely remediation and reduce exposure.