CVE-2025-27446 is a vulnerability identified in the Apache APISIX Java Plugin Runner component, versions 0.2.0 through 0.5.0. The issue is categorized under CWE-732, which involves incorrect permission assignment for critical resources. Specifically, the vulnerability arises from improper local listening file permissions within the APISIX Java Plugin Runner. This misconfiguration allows a local attacker—someone with access to the host system—to escalate their privileges. By exploiting the overly permissive file permissions, an attacker can potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive resources or execute code with elevated privileges, undermining the security model of the affected system. The vulnerability does not require remote exploitation or user interaction but does require local access to the system. The Apache Software Foundation has addressed this issue in version 0.6.0 and later, recommending users upgrade to these versions to mitigate the risk. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the nature of the vulnerability suggests that it could be leveraged in environments where local user isolation is critical.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant, especially for those deploying Apache APISIX with the Java Plugin Runner in production environments. Privilege escalation vulnerabilities can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of services, or further lateral movement within the network. This is particularly critical for organizations handling regulated data under GDPR, as unauthorized access or data breaches could result in severe legal and financial penalties. Additionally, compromised systems could be used as a foothold for more extensive attacks, including ransomware or espionage. Since the vulnerability requires local access, the risk is heightened in environments with multiple users or where attackers may gain initial access through other means such as phishing or insider threats. The absence of remote exploitation reduces the immediate threat surface but does not eliminate the risk in shared or multi-tenant environments common in European enterprises.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should prioritize upgrading Apache APISIX Java Plugin Runner to version 0.6.0 or later, where the issue is resolved. Beyond upgrading, organizations should audit and harden file system permissions related to the APISIX plugin runner to ensure that only authorized users and processes have access to critical files and sockets. Implementing strict access controls and using security-enhanced Linux (SELinux) or AppArmor profiles can further restrict unauthorized access. Additionally, organizations should monitor local user activities and audit logs for suspicious behavior indicative of privilege escalation attempts. Employing endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions can help detect and respond to such threats promptly. Finally, limiting the number of users with local access to critical systems and enforcing the principle of least privilege will reduce the attack surface for local privilege escalation.