CVE-2025-48927 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting the TeleMessage service, specifically related to the insecure default configuration of the Spring Boot Actuator's heap dump endpoint. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-1188, which pertains to the initialization of a resource with insecure default settings. In this case, the heap dump endpoint is exposed at the /heapdump URI without authentication or access restrictions. Heap dumps contain detailed runtime information about the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), including memory contents, which can reveal sensitive data such as passwords, cryptographic keys, or personally identifiable information (PII). The exposure of this endpoint allows a remote attacker to access heap dumps over the network without any privileges or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Although the CVSS score is moderate (5.3), the confidentiality impact is limited to information disclosure without affecting integrity or availability. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on May 28, 2025, and while no known exploits in the wild have been reported, the presence of an exposed heap dump endpoint represents a significant risk if leveraged by attackers. The affected versions are not explicitly detailed beyond '0', suggesting this may impact initial or default deployments of the TeleMessage service. The root cause is the insecure default configuration of Spring Boot Actuator, which by default exposes sensitive diagnostic endpoints unless explicitly disabled or secured. This vulnerability highlights the importance of secure configuration management and limiting exposure of diagnostic interfaces in production environments.

For European organizations using the TeleMessage service, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive runtime information. Attackers gaining access to heap dumps could extract confidential data such as user credentials, encryption keys, or other sensitive application data, potentially facilitating further attacks like privilege escalation or data breaches. Although the vulnerability does not directly impact system integrity or availability, the confidentiality breach could result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR due to exposure of personal data. Organizations in sectors with high data sensitivity, such as finance, healthcare, and government, are particularly at risk. Additionally, the ease of exploitation (no authentication or user interaction required) increases the threat level, especially for publicly accessible TeleMessage deployments. The lack of known exploits in the wild suggests limited current exploitation, but the vulnerability's nature makes it a likely target for attackers once discovered. European entities relying on TeleMessage for communication or messaging services should consider this a significant risk to their information security posture.

To mitigate CVE-2025-48927, European organizations should immediately audit their TeleMessage service deployments to verify if the Spring Boot Actuator heap dump endpoint is exposed. Specific mitigation steps include: 1) Disable the heap dump endpoint by setting management.endpoint.heapdump.enabled=false in the Spring Boot configuration; 2) Restrict access to actuator endpoints using network-level controls such as firewalls or VPNs to ensure only trusted administrators can reach these endpoints; 3) Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms for actuator endpoints, leveraging Spring Security or equivalent; 4) Regularly update TeleMessage and Spring Boot dependencies to incorporate security patches and improvements; 5) Conduct thorough configuration reviews to ensure no other sensitive actuator endpoints are exposed; 6) Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual access patterns to the /heapdump URI; 7) Educate DevOps and security teams about secure default configurations and the risks of exposing diagnostic endpoints in production environments. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on configuration hardening, access control, and proactive monitoring tailored to this specific vulnerability.