CVE-2025-48927 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting the TeleMessage service, specifically related to the Spring Boot Actuator configuration. The vulnerability arises from an insecure default initialization where the heap dump endpoint is exposed at the /heapdump URI without proper access controls. Heap dumps contain detailed memory snapshots of the running Java application, potentially exposing sensitive information such as credentials, tokens, or internal application data. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-1188, which refers to the initialization of a resource with an insecure default configuration. In this case, the Spring Boot Actuator, a common monitoring and management tool for Spring Boot applications, is configured by default to expose the heap dump endpoint publicly. According to the CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N), the vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without any authentication or user interaction, with low attack complexity. The impact is limited to confidentiality as the attacker can access sensitive memory data, but there is no direct impact on integrity or availability. Although no known exploits in the wild have been reported as of the publication date (May 28, 2025), the presence of an exposed heap dump endpoint is a significant security risk, especially in production environments. The affected version is listed as "0," which likely indicates early or default versions of the TeleMessage service prior to patching or configuration changes. Since no official patch links are provided, mitigation relies on configuration changes to secure or disable the heap dump endpoint. This vulnerability highlights the risks of default insecure configurations in widely used frameworks like Spring Boot Actuator, emphasizing the need for secure deployment practices and endpoint access controls.

For European organizations using the TeleMessage service, especially those deploying Spring Boot-based applications with Actuator endpoints enabled, this vulnerability poses a confidentiality risk. Exposure of heap dumps can lead to leakage of sensitive information such as user credentials, encryption keys, or personally identifiable information (PII), which can facilitate further attacks like privilege escalation or data breaches. This is particularly critical for sectors handling sensitive data, including finance, healthcare, and government institutions within Europe, which are subject to strict data protection regulations such as GDPR. The unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data could lead to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and operational disruptions. Since the vulnerability requires no authentication and can be exploited remotely, attackers can scan for exposed /heapdump endpoints and extract memory contents without user interaction. However, the lack of impact on integrity and availability limits the scope to information disclosure rather than service disruption or data manipulation. Organizations relying on TeleMessage services for messaging or communication may face increased risk if attackers leverage leaked information for phishing or lateral movement within networks.

To mitigate CVE-2025-48927, European organizations should immediately audit their TeleMessage service deployments and Spring Boot Actuator configurations. Specifically, they should: 1) Disable the heap dump endpoint if it is not required for operational monitoring or debugging. 2) Restrict access to the /heapdump URI using network-level controls such as firewalls or VPNs to limit exposure to trusted administrators only. 3) Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms for all Actuator endpoints, ensuring that sensitive endpoints are not publicly accessible. 4) Update the TeleMessage service and Spring Boot dependencies to versions where this insecure default configuration is corrected or configurable. 5) Conduct regular security assessments and automated scans to detect exposed Actuator endpoints. 6) Monitor logs for any unauthorized access attempts to the /heapdump endpoint. 7) Educate development and operations teams about the risks of default configurations and enforce secure deployment guidelines. Since no official patches are listed, configuration hardening is the primary defense until vendor updates are available.