CVE-2025-52562 is a critical directory traversal vulnerability affecting the ConvoyPanel server management panel, specifically versions from 3.9.0-rc3 up to but not including 4.4.1. ConvoyPanel is a KVM server management tool widely used by hosting businesses to manage virtualized environments. The vulnerability resides in the LocaleController component of the Performave Convoy software. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted HTTP request containing malicious 'locale' and 'namespace' parameters. Due to improper limitation of pathname inputs (CWE-22), the application fails to restrict file access to intended directories, allowing attackers to traverse directories arbitrarily. This enables the inclusion and execution of arbitrary PHP files on the server, effectively leading to remote code execution (RCE). The vulnerability is severe because it requires no authentication or user interaction, has network attack vector (AV:N), and impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability with a CVSS v3.1 score of 10.0. The scope is complete (S:C), meaning the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component. Although no known exploits in the wild have been reported yet, the criticality and ease of exploitation make it a high-risk threat. The vendor has patched this issue in version 4.4.1. As a temporary mitigation, deploying strict Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to filter and block malicious requests targeting the vulnerable endpoints is recommended.

For European organizations, especially hosting providers and data centers relying on ConvoyPanel for KVM server management, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Successful exploitation can lead to full server compromise, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code, steal sensitive data, disrupt services, or pivot to other internal systems. This can result in data breaches, service outages, and reputational damage. Given the criticality and unauthenticated remote exploitation, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to deploy ransomware, conduct espionage, or establish persistent footholds. The impact is particularly severe for organizations managing critical infrastructure or sensitive customer data. Additionally, the compromise of hosting environments can affect multiple downstream clients, amplifying the damage. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive patching and mitigation before widespread attacks occur.

1. Immediate upgrade to ConvoyPanel version 4.4.1 or later, where the vulnerability is patched, is the most effective mitigation. 2. Until patching is possible, implement strict Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block HTTP requests containing suspicious 'locale' and 'namespace' parameters, especially those attempting directory traversal patterns (e.g., '../'). 3. Employ input validation and sanitization at the application level to restrict pathname inputs to allowed directories. 4. Monitor web server logs and application logs for anomalous requests targeting the LocaleController endpoints. 5. Restrict access to the management panel to trusted IP addresses or VPNs to reduce exposure. 6. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability scans focusing on web application components. 7. Implement file integrity monitoring on server PHP files to detect unauthorized changes. 8. Educate system administrators on the risks and signs of exploitation to enable rapid response.