CVE-2025-54194 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability (CWE-125) affecting Adobe Substance3D - Painter versions 11.0.2 and earlier. This vulnerability arises when the software improperly handles memory boundaries, allowing an attacker to read memory locations outside the intended buffer. The flaw can be triggered when a user opens a specially crafted malicious file within the application. Successful exploitation can lead to disclosure of sensitive memory contents, potentially exposing confidential information such as cryptographic keys, user data, or other sensitive application memory. Notably, this vulnerability does not allow modification of data or denial of service but compromises confidentiality. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5 (medium severity), reflecting that the attack vector requires local access (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), but user interaction is mandatory (UI:R). The scope is unchanged (S:U), and the impact is high on confidentiality (C:H) but none on integrity or availability (I:N/A:N). There are no known exploits in the wild as of the publication date, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability is specific to Adobe Substance3D - Painter, a professional 3D painting software widely used in digital content creation, gaming, and visual effects industries.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-54194 primarily concerns confidentiality breaches. Organizations involved in digital content creation, media production, gaming studios, and design agencies using Substance3D - Painter may risk exposure of sensitive intellectual property or proprietary data if a malicious file is opened by an employee. While the vulnerability does not allow code execution or system compromise, the leakage of sensitive memory could facilitate further targeted attacks or espionage, especially in competitive industries. Given that exploitation requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to deliver malicious files. The medium severity score indicates a moderate risk, but the impact on confidentiality could be significant for organizations handling sensitive or proprietary 3D assets. Additionally, the lack of a patch at the time of disclosure means organizations must rely on mitigation strategies until an official fix is released.

1. Implement strict email and file filtering controls to block or quarantine suspicious files that could be weaponized to exploit this vulnerability. 2. Educate users, especially those in creative departments, about the risks of opening files from untrusted sources and train them to recognize phishing attempts. 3. Use application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to isolate Adobe Substance3D - Painter processes, limiting the potential impact of malicious files. 4. Monitor network and endpoint activity for unusual behavior that could indicate attempts to exploit this vulnerability. 5. Maintain an inventory of all systems running Substance3D - Painter and restrict usage to trusted personnel only. 6. Stay alert for official patches or updates from Adobe and apply them promptly once available. 7. Consider disabling or restricting the ability to open files from untrusted locations within the application settings if feasible.