CVE-2025-7475VulnerabilityPublished 12 Jul 2025Updated 15 Jul 2025

CVE-2025-7475: code-projects Simple Car Rental System · SQL Injection

Affects code-projects Simple Car Rental SystemSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.9 Medium.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

6.9Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 45% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 12 Jul 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
code-projects Simple Car Rental System	Affected =1.0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Organizations should immediately audit their use of the Simple Car Rental System 1.0 and isolate any instances running the vulnerable version. Since no official patches are currently available, the following specific mitigations are recommended: 1) Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'mpesa' parameter; 2) Apply input validation and sanitization at the application level, especially for all parameters interacting with the database; 3) Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements in the codebase to prevent injection; 4) Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of a successful injection; 5) Monitor logs for unusual database queries or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts; 6) Consider temporarily disabling or restricting access to the /pay.php endpoint until a patch or update is available; 7) Engage with the vendor or community to obtain updates or patches as soon as they are released.

Description

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Simple Car Rental System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /pay.php. The manipulation of the argument mpesa leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Impact

For European organizations using the Simple Car Rental System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive customer and payment data, undermining data privacy obligations under GDPR. It could also result in financial fraud, service disruption, and reputational damage. Given the critical nature of car rental services in tourism and transportation sectors across Europe, a breach could disrupt operations and erode customer trust. Furthermore, the ability to exploit this vulnerability remotely without authentication increases the attack surface, making it easier for threat actors to target these organizations. The potential for data exfiltration or manipulation could also have legal and regulatory consequences, including fines and mandatory breach notifications.

Summary

CVE-2025-7475 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Simple Car Rental System, specifically within the /pay.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'mpesa' parameter, which an attacker can manipulate remotely without any authentication or user interaction. This allows the attacker to inject malicious SQL queries directly into the backend database. Exploiting this flaw could enable unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system's data. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with an attack vector of network (remote), low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation. The absence of patches or mitigation links suggests that organizations using this software must proactively address the issue to prevent exploitation.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 19 Jul 2025, 20:53 UTC

Technical details

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