CVE-2025-7580 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Voting System, specifically within the /admin/positions_row.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'ID' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL queries on the backend database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited over the network without authentication, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L) which suggests some limited privileges might be needed but the description states remote exploitation is possible without authentication, no user interaction (UI:N), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed but there are no known exploits in the wild at this time. The absence of patches or mitigation links implies that the vendor has not yet released an official fix. SQL Injection vulnerabilities typically allow attackers to read, modify, or delete data, and potentially escalate to full system compromise depending on database permissions and system architecture. Given the critical classification in the description but a medium CVSS score, this discrepancy may be due to limited impact or exploitation complexity nuances. However, the ability to remotely execute SQL commands on a voting system backend poses significant risks to data integrity and trustworthiness of election-related data.

For European organizations using the code-projects Voting System version 1.0, this vulnerability could have severe consequences. The integrity and confidentiality of voting data could be compromised, leading to manipulation or disclosure of sensitive electoral information. This undermines democratic processes and public trust in election outcomes. Additionally, attackers could disrupt availability by deleting or corrupting voting records, causing operational outages during critical election periods. The medium CVSS score suggests limited impact scope or partial mitigations, but the critical nature of voting systems amplifies the real-world impact beyond typical business applications. Organizations involved in local or regional elections, political parties, or governmental bodies using this software are at risk. The lack of authentication requirement and remote exploitability increases the attack surface, especially if the system is exposed to the internet or poorly segmented networks. Furthermore, the absence of known exploits currently does not preclude future active exploitation, especially as proof-of-concept code becomes available publicly.

Immediate mitigation steps include restricting external access to the /admin/positions_row.php endpoint by implementing network-level controls such as firewalls or VPN requirements. Organizations should conduct a thorough code review and apply input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to the 'ID' parameter to prevent SQL injection. If possible, upgrade to a newer, patched version of the Voting System once available. In the interim, consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting this endpoint. Regularly monitor logs for suspicious database queries or unusual access patterns. Segmentation of the voting system backend from other critical infrastructure reduces lateral movement risk. Additionally, implement strict database user permissions limiting the impact of any successful injection. Finally, organizations should prepare incident response plans specific to election systems to quickly address any compromise.