CVE-2021-28548 is a buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-120) affecting Adobe Photoshop versions 21.2.6 and earlier, as well as 22.3 and earlier. The vulnerability arises when Photoshop parses a specially crafted JSX (JavaScript Extension) file. A buffer overflow occurs when the application attempts to process this malicious file, leading to memory corruption. This flaw can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code within the security context of the current user. However, exploitation requires user interaction, specifically the victim must open the malicious JSX file in Photoshop. The vulnerability does not require prior authentication, increasing the attack surface, but the need for user action limits remote exploitation. There are no known public exploits in the wild as of the published date, and no official patches are linked in the provided data. The vulnerability affects a widely used creative software product, which is often installed on workstations in various industries including media, design, and marketing. The buffer overflow could allow attackers to execute code that compromises confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system, potentially leading to data theft, system manipulation, or further network penetration. Given the nature of the vulnerability, it primarily threatens endpoint security on systems where Photoshop is installed and used to open untrusted JSX files.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant, especially for those in creative industries, advertising agencies, media companies, and any sectors relying heavily on Adobe Photoshop for digital content creation. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, enabling attackers to steal sensitive intellectual property, manipulate digital assets, or establish persistence within corporate networks. Since the vulnerability requires user interaction, phishing campaigns or social engineering could be leveraged to deliver malicious JSX files. This increases the risk in environments where employees frequently exchange files or download content from external sources. Additionally, compromised systems could serve as footholds for lateral movement within enterprise networks, potentially impacting broader IT infrastructure. The vulnerability also poses a risk to confidentiality and integrity of creative work, which may have legal and reputational consequences. Although no known exploits are currently active, the widespread use of Photoshop in Europe and the lack of patches at the time of disclosure elevate the urgency for mitigation.

1. Immediate application of any available Adobe Photoshop updates or patches that address this vulnerability is critical. If no official patch is available, consider temporarily restricting the use of JSX files or disabling the functionality that processes JSX scripts within Photoshop. 2. Implement strict file handling policies, including blocking or quarantining JSX files received from untrusted or external sources via email or file sharing platforms. 3. Enhance user awareness training focused on the risks of opening unsolicited or unexpected files, particularly those with scripting capabilities like JSX. 4. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior or exploitation attempts related to buffer overflows or code execution in Photoshop processes. 5. Use application whitelisting to restrict execution of unauthorized scripts or binaries. 6. Monitor network and endpoint logs for unusual activity originating from Photoshop processes, which may indicate exploitation attempts. 7. Where feasible, isolate Photoshop usage to dedicated workstations with limited network privileges to contain potential compromise. 8. Coordinate with IT and security teams to ensure rapid incident response capabilities in case of exploitation detection.