CVE-2021-38402 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Delta Electronics' DOPSoft 2 software, specifically in versions 2.00.07 and prior. DOPSoft 2 is a programming and configuration tool used primarily for Human Machine Interface (HMI) devices and industrial automation systems. The vulnerability arises due to improper validation of user-supplied data when parsing certain project files, particularly during the handling of font strings. When the software attempts to copy font string data into a fixed-size buffer without adequate boundary checks, it can overflow the stack buffer. This overflow can corrupt the stack memory, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the running process. Exploitation requires the attacker to supply a maliciously crafted project file to the victim, which when opened or processed by DOPSoft 2, triggers the overflow. Since the vulnerability is in the project file parsing logic, it does not require elevated privileges or authentication but does require user interaction to open or import the malicious file. No public exploits have been reported in the wild to date, and no official patches have been linked, indicating that mitigation may rely on vendor updates or user-side controls. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-121, which is a common weakness related to stack-based buffer overflows, a critical class of memory corruption bugs that can lead to arbitrary code execution and system compromise.

For European organizations, especially those involved in industrial automation, manufacturing, and critical infrastructure sectors, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. DOPSoft 2 is widely used in configuring HMIs and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that control industrial processes. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on engineering workstations or operator terminals, potentially leading to unauthorized control or disruption of industrial processes. This could result in operational downtime, safety hazards, and financial losses. Furthermore, since the vulnerability allows code execution in the context of the current process, it could be leveraged as a foothold for lateral movement within industrial networks. The impact on confidentiality is moderate, as the primary risk is operational integrity and availability. However, integrity and availability of industrial control systems could be severely affected if exploited. Given the critical role of industrial automation in European manufacturing and infrastructure, the threat could have cascading effects on supply chains and service continuity.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting the use of DOPSoft 2 to trusted project files only and avoiding opening files from unverified sources. 2. Implement strict network segmentation to isolate engineering workstations and HMI configuration tools from broader enterprise networks and the internet. 3. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior or exploitation attempts related to buffer overflows. 4. Monitor and audit file transfers and usage of project files within industrial environments to detect suspicious activity. 5. Engage with Delta Electronics to obtain any available patches or updates addressing this vulnerability; if none are available, request vendor guidance or consider alternative software versions. 6. Conduct user training to raise awareness about the risks of opening untrusted project files. 7. Utilize sandboxing or virtualized environments for opening and testing project files to contain potential exploitation. 8. Regularly back up configuration files and system states to enable rapid recovery in case of compromise.