CVE-2022-28816 is a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in Carlo Gavazzi's UWP 3.0 Monitoring Gateway and Controller, specifically affecting the Sentilo Proxy service component. The vulnerability exists in multiple versions of UWP 3.0 and the CPY Car Park Server version 2.8.3. Reflected XSS occurs when untrusted user input is immediately returned by a web application without proper sanitization or encoding, allowing an attacker to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of the victim's browser. In this case, the vulnerability impacts the Sentilo service, which is part of the monitoring and control infrastructure provided by Carlo Gavazzi for building and industrial automation. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.1 (medium severity), with an attack vector of network (remote exploitation), low attack complexity, no privileges required, but user interaction is necessary (e.g., victim clicking a crafted link). The scope is changed, indicating that exploitation could affect components beyond the vulnerable service. The impact affects confidentiality and integrity to a limited extent but does not affect availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked in the provided data. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, which is a common and well-understood web application security flaw. Given the nature of the product—monitoring gateways and controllers used in industrial and building automation—successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary scripts in the context of legitimate users, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, or manipulation of monitoring data displayed in the user interface. However, the requirement for user interaction and the limited impact on availability reduce the overall risk profile somewhat.

For European organizations, especially those in industrial automation, smart building management, and infrastructure monitoring, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Compromise of the Sentilo Proxy service could lead to unauthorized access to monitoring dashboards or manipulation of displayed data, undermining operational visibility and potentially enabling further attacks within the network. Confidentiality breaches could expose sensitive operational data or user credentials. Integrity impacts could result in misleading monitoring information, which may delay detection of real incidents or cause incorrect operational decisions. Although availability is not directly impacted, the indirect consequences of compromised monitoring could affect system reliability. European organizations using Carlo Gavazzi products in critical infrastructure sectors such as manufacturing, energy management, transportation, or smart city deployments should be particularly vigilant. The lack of known exploits reduces immediate threat but does not eliminate risk, especially as attackers often weaponize such vulnerabilities once disclosed. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering could be vectors for exploitation, emphasizing the need for user awareness and secure web application practices.

1. Immediate mitigation should include applying any available vendor patches or updates once released. Since no patch links are provided, organizations should contact Carlo Gavazzi support to obtain fixes or guidance. 2. Implement strict input validation and output encoding on all web interfaces related to the Sentilo Proxy service to prevent injection of malicious scripts. 3. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules specifically designed to detect and block reflected XSS payloads targeting the affected endpoints. 4. Restrict access to the UWP 3.0 Monitoring Gateway and Controller interfaces to trusted networks and users only, using network segmentation and strong authentication mechanisms. 5. Conduct user training to recognize phishing attempts and avoid clicking on suspicious links that could trigger reflected XSS attacks. 6. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity related to the Sentilo Proxy service, including unexpected HTTP requests or script injections. 7. Consider deploying Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit the execution of unauthorized scripts in the web application context. 8. Regularly review and update security configurations of the monitoring infrastructure to minimize attack surface and ensure compliance with best practices.