CVE-2022-32222 is a cryptographic vulnerability affecting Node.js versions 4.0 through 18.0 running on Linux systems. The issue stems from the default path configuration for the OpenSSL configuration file (openssl.cnf). In affected versions, the default path for openssl.cnf may be accessible to non-administrative users under certain circumstances, rather than being restricted to the more secure /etc/ssl directory as enforced in later OpenSSL 3 upgrades. This misconfiguration can lead to unauthorized users reading or potentially modifying cryptographic configuration parameters. Since OpenSSL configuration influences cryptographic operations such as certificate validation, key management, and cipher suite selection, improper access could undermine the integrity and confidentiality of cryptographic processes within Node.js applications. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-310, which relates to cryptographic issues arising from improper key or configuration management. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no official CVSS score has been assigned. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on July 14, 2022, and affects a wide range of Node.js versions, including many long-term support (LTS) releases. The root cause is the default file path for openssl.cnf being accessible to non-admin users, which could allow attackers to influence cryptographic behavior or extract sensitive cryptographic parameters, potentially leading to further exploitation such as man-in-the-middle attacks or unauthorized data decryption if combined with other vulnerabilities or attack vectors.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2022-32222 could be significant, especially for those relying heavily on Node.js for backend services, web applications, or microservices architectures. The vulnerability compromises the confidentiality and integrity of cryptographic operations by allowing unauthorized access to the OpenSSL configuration file. This could lead to weakened cryptographic protections, exposing sensitive data such as authentication tokens, user credentials, or encrypted communications. Organizations in sectors with high data protection requirements—such as finance, healthcare, telecommunications, and government—may face increased risks of data breaches or regulatory non-compliance if this vulnerability is exploited. Additionally, compromised cryptographic configurations could facilitate further attacks, including interception or manipulation of data in transit. The absence of known exploits suggests the vulnerability is not yet actively leveraged, but the broad range of affected Node.js versions and the critical role of cryptography in secure communications mean that the risk remains relevant. The impact is heightened in environments where multiple users have access to the system but lack administrative privileges, as the vulnerability specifically allows non-admin users to access sensitive configuration files.

Upgrade Node.js to version 18.40.0 or later, where the default openssl.cnf path is properly restricted to /etc/ssl, mitigating unauthorized access. For environments where immediate upgrade is not feasible, implement strict file system permissions to ensure that the openssl.cnf file and its directory are accessible only to trusted administrative users. Audit and monitor access to the OpenSSL configuration files to detect any unauthorized read or write attempts by non-admin users. Isolate Node.js runtime environments using containerization or sandboxing techniques to limit the scope of potential unauthorized access to cryptographic configuration files. Review and harden cryptographic configurations within Node.js applications to minimize reliance on default settings and enforce explicit, secure parameters. Implement robust logging and alerting mechanisms for changes to cryptographic configuration files and related system files to enable rapid incident response. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on cryptographic components and file permission configurations within Node.js deployments.