CVE-2025-27027 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting Radiflow's iSAP Smart Collector version 1.20, which runs on CentOS 7 with VSAP 1.20. The vulnerability involves an evasion of the restricted shell (rbash) environment assigned to the user account 'vpuser' upon SSH login. Normally, rbash restricts the user to a limited set of commands to reduce the risk of unauthorized system access or modification. However, this vulnerability allows a user with valid 'vpuser' credentials to bypass these rbash restrictions and obtain a full-featured Linux shell. This escalation does not require additional user interaction beyond SSH login and leverages the misconfiguration or weakness in the rbash environment to escape its confinement. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 4.1, reflecting a medium severity primarily due to the requirement of prior authenticated access (privileges of 'vpuser') and the limited confidentiality impact. The vulnerability does not affect system integrity or availability directly but allows the user to execute arbitrary commands beyond the intended restricted scope, potentially leading to further exploitation or lateral movement within the network. No known public exploits are reported yet, and no patches have been linked, indicating that mitigation may require vendor updates or manual configuration changes.

For European organizations using Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector 1.20, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily in environments where the 'vpuser' account credentials are accessible or weakly protected. Since the device is used for network monitoring and security management, an attacker gaining a full shell could potentially access sensitive network data, modify monitoring configurations, or use the device as a pivot point for further attacks within the network. The confidentiality of monitoring data could be compromised, and the trustworthiness of network security monitoring could be undermined. Although the vulnerability does not directly impact system availability or integrity, the ability to execute arbitrary commands increases the attack surface and could facilitate subsequent attacks. European critical infrastructure operators and industrial control system environments that rely on Radiflow products for network security monitoring are particularly at risk. The medium CVSS score reflects that exploitation requires valid credentials, so the impact is contingent on credential compromise or insider threat scenarios.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should first ensure that the 'vpuser' account credentials are secured with strong, unique passwords and that access is limited to authorized personnel only. Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for SSH access if supported by the device to reduce the risk of credential compromise. Network segmentation should be enforced to isolate the iSAP Smart Collector devices from broader network access, limiting exposure. Monitoring and logging SSH access to detect unusual login patterns or privilege escalations is critical. Since no official patch or update is currently linked, organizations should contact Radiflow for vendor advisories and apply any forthcoming patches promptly. As an interim measure, administrators may consider restricting or disabling SSH access for the 'vpuser' account or replacing rbash with a more secure shell restriction mechanism if feasible. Regular audits of user accounts and permissions on these devices should be conducted to detect and remediate potential misuse.