CVE-2025-7477 is a vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Simple Car Rental System, specifically within the /admin/add_cars.php file. The issue arises from improper handling of the 'image' argument, which allows an attacker to perform an unrestricted file upload. This means that an attacker can upload arbitrary files, potentially including malicious scripts or executables, to the server hosting the application. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely without user interaction and does not require authentication, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:H). However, the presence of PR:H (privileges required: high) suggests that some level of administrative or elevated privileges might be necessary to exploit this vulnerability, which somewhat limits the attack surface. The CVSS score of 5.1 (medium severity) reflects this nuance. The unrestricted upload flaw can lead to several attack vectors such as remote code execution, server compromise, data theft, or pivoting within the network. Since the vulnerability affects the administrative interface, successful exploitation could allow attackers to gain control over the backend system, manipulate vehicle data, or disrupt rental operations. Although no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation attempts. The lack of available patches or mitigations from the vendor further exacerbates the risk for organizations using this software version.

For European organizations using the Simple Car Rental System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to operational continuity and data security. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to administrative functions, enabling attackers to alter vehicle listings, manipulate rental records, or inject malicious code into the system. This could result in service disruptions, financial losses, reputational damage, and potential regulatory non-compliance under GDPR if customer or operational data is compromised. Given the critical nature of transportation services in Europe and the reliance on digital platforms for fleet management, such an attack could have cascading effects on business operations. Additionally, if the compromised system is connected to broader corporate networks, attackers could leverage this foothold to escalate privileges and move laterally, threatening wider organizational assets. The medium CVSS score suggests that while exploitation requires elevated privileges, the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability remains notable, especially in environments where administrative access controls are weak or improperly managed.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should first restrict access to the /admin/add_cars.php endpoint to trusted administrative users through network segmentation and strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication (MFA). Implement strict input validation and file type restrictions on uploaded files to prevent malicious payloads. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block suspicious file upload attempts. Regularly audit and monitor server logs for unusual activity related to file uploads or administrative actions. If possible, isolate the affected application in a sandboxed environment to limit potential damage. Since no official patches are currently available, consider upgrading to a newer, secure version of the software if released or replacing the vulnerable system with alternative solutions. Additionally, conduct security awareness training for administrators to recognize and respond to potential exploitation attempts. Finally, maintain up-to-date backups of critical data and system configurations to enable rapid recovery in case of compromise.