CVE-2025-7528 is a critical security vulnerability identified in the Tenda FH1202 router, specifically version 1.2.0.14(408). The flaw exists in the function fromGstDhcpSetSer located in the /goform/GstDhcpSetSer file. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of the 'dips' argument, which leads to a stack-based buffer overflow condition. This type of vulnerability occurs when data exceeding the buffer's capacity is written to the stack, potentially overwriting adjacent memory, including control flow data such as return addresses. An attacker can exploit this remotely without requiring user interaction or prior authentication, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The exploitability is high due to the low attack complexity and no need for user involvement. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), meaning an attacker could execute arbitrary code, cause denial of service, or manipulate sensitive data on the device. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of active exploitation. The vulnerability is rated with a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7, categorizing it as high severity. The Tenda FH1202 is a consumer-grade router commonly used in small offices and home environments, but it may also be deployed in small business networks. The stack-based buffer overflow in a network-facing service function makes it a critical concern for network security, as compromised routers can be leveraged for lateral movement, network eavesdropping, or as a foothold for broader attacks.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-7528 could have significant consequences. Compromised routers can lead to interception and manipulation of network traffic, undermining confidentiality and integrity of sensitive communications. This is especially critical for organizations handling personal data under GDPR regulations, where data breaches can result in substantial fines and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers gaining control over network infrastructure devices can disrupt availability, causing operational downtime. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and home office setups using Tenda FH1202 devices are particularly vulnerable, potentially exposing corporate networks to intrusion. The vulnerability could also be exploited as a pivot point for further attacks within the network, including lateral movement to more critical assets. Given the remote exploitability and lack of required user interaction, the threat is elevated in environments where patching is delayed or devices are exposed directly to the internet without adequate network segmentation or firewall protections.

To mitigate CVE-2025-7528 effectively, European organizations should: 1) Immediately identify and inventory all Tenda FH1202 devices running the affected firmware version 1.2.0.14(408). 2) Apply vendor-provided patches or firmware updates as soon as they become available; if no patch exists yet, consider temporary measures such as disabling the vulnerable service or restricting access to the device management interface via network segmentation or firewall rules. 3) Implement strict network segmentation to isolate vulnerable routers from critical infrastructure and sensitive data environments. 4) Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of detecting exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability. 5) Monitor network traffic for unusual patterns or anomalies indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unexpected packets to the /goform/GstDhcpSetSer endpoint. 6) Educate IT staff about the vulnerability and ensure rapid response procedures are in place for any detected exploitation attempts. 7) Where feasible, replace affected devices with more secure alternatives if patching is not possible or delayed. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on proactive identification, network-level controls, and monitoring tailored to the specific vulnerability characteristics.