CVE-2022-3008 is a security vulnerability classified as CWE-78, an OS Command Injection flaw, found in the syoyo tinygltf library. Tinygltf is a lightweight C++ library used for loading glTF (GL Transmission Format) files, which are commonly used for 3D model representation in graphics applications. The vulnerability arises from the library's use of the C standard library function wordexp() to perform file path expansion on input file paths that are not properly sanitized. Specifically, wordexp() interprets shell metacharacters such as backticks (`), which can be exploited by an attacker to inject arbitrary shell commands. By crafting a malicious glTF input file containing specially constructed paths with backticks, an attacker can cause the application using tinygltf to execute unintended commands on the host system. This can lead to unauthorized command execution with the privileges of the application. The vulnerability affects unspecified versions of tinygltf prior to version 2.6.0 or the commit 52ff00a38447f06a17eab1caa2cf0730a119c751, where the issue was addressed. There are no known exploits in the wild at this time, but the nature of the vulnerability makes it a significant risk if exploited. The attack vector requires supplying a malicious input file to an application that uses the vulnerable tinygltf library, which may or may not require user interaction depending on the application context. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability by enabling arbitrary command execution, potentially leading to data compromise, system manipulation, or denial of service.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability depends largely on the use of tinygltf within their software stack. Organizations involved in industries such as gaming, 3D modeling, CAD, virtual reality, and digital content creation are more likely to use tinygltf or software that depends on it. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands on affected systems, leading to data breaches, system compromise, or disruption of critical services. This is particularly concerning for organizations handling sensitive intellectual property or operating critical infrastructure where 3D visualization tools are integrated. Additionally, if tinygltf is embedded in web services or cloud environments, exploitation could facilitate lateral movement or privilege escalation. The lack of authentication requirements for the vulnerability means that if an attacker can supply a malicious glTF file (e.g., via upload features or shared files), they could exploit the flaw without needing credentials. This increases the risk in environments where untrusted user input is processed. The medium severity rating reflects the need for an attacker to provide crafted input, but the potential for significant damage if exploited. European organizations must be vigilant, especially those in technology, manufacturing, and media sectors that rely on 3D graphics processing.

1. Upgrade tinygltf to version 2.6.0 or later, or apply the patch from commit 52ff00a38447f06a17eab1caa2cf0730a119c751 to eliminate the use of wordexp() on untrusted input. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all file paths and user-supplied data before processing with tinygltf, disallowing shell metacharacters such as backticks. 3. Employ application-level sandboxing or containerization to limit the impact of potential command injection, restricting the privileges and accessible resources of the process using tinygltf. 4. Monitor and restrict file upload mechanisms to only accept trusted file types and scan for malicious content, especially in applications that accept user-generated 3D models. 5. Conduct code audits and penetration testing focusing on input handling in any software components that utilize tinygltf. 6. Maintain up-to-date software inventories to identify all instances of tinygltf usage within the organization. 7. Educate developers and security teams about the risks of command injection and safe handling of external input in 3D model processing contexts.