CVE-2022-3558 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting the WordPress plugin "Import and export users and customers" in versions prior to 1.20.5. The issue arises from improper neutralization of formula elements in CSV files generated during data export. Specifically, the plugin does not properly escape or sanitize data fields when exporting user or customer information into CSV format. This vulnerability is categorized under CWE-1236, which involves improper neutralization of formula elements in CSV files. Attackers can exploit this flaw by injecting malicious formula expressions (e.g., starting with '=', '+', '-', or '@') into user or customer data fields. When a victim opens the exported CSV file in spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel or LibreOffice Calc, these formulas can execute arbitrary commands or scripts, potentially leading to data leakage, code execution, or other malicious actions. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.0 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with an attack vector over the network, low attack complexity, requiring privileges (PR:L) and user interaction (UI:R). The scope remains unchanged. Although no known exploits are reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially in environments where exported CSV files are shared or opened by users without proper validation. The vulnerability affects a widely used WordPress plugin that manages user and customer data import/export, making it relevant for websites relying on this plugin for data management.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be substantial. Many businesses and public sector entities in Europe utilize WordPress for their websites and customer management, often relying on plugins like "Import and export users and customers" to handle user data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized execution of malicious formulas when CSV exports are opened, potentially resulting in credential theft, data corruption, or lateral movement within the organization. This is particularly critical for organizations handling sensitive personal data under GDPR regulations, as data breaches could lead to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, the requirement for user interaction (opening the CSV file) means that phishing or social engineering could be leveraged to trigger the exploit. The vulnerability could also disrupt business operations if critical user or customer data is compromised or manipulated. Given the high CVSS score, the threat to confidentiality, integrity, and availability is significant, especially in sectors like finance, healthcare, and government where data sensitivity is paramount.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should take the following specific actions: 1) Immediately update the "Import and export users and customers" WordPress plugin to version 1.20.5 or later, where the issue is fixed. 2) Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data fields to prevent injection of malicious formula characters before export. 3) Educate users to be cautious when opening CSV files from untrusted sources and consider opening CSV files in spreadsheet software with formula evaluation disabled or in a sandboxed environment. 4) Employ Content Security Policies and endpoint protection tools that can detect and block suspicious macro or formula execution in spreadsheet applications. 5) Monitor logs and user activity for unusual export or file access patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. 6) Consider alternative data export formats (e.g., JSON or XML) that do not support formula execution if possible. 7) Regularly audit and review plugin usage and permissions to minimize exposure. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on plugin-specific updates, user training, and technical controls tailored to the CSV formula injection vector.