CVE-2022-42829 is a use-after-free vulnerability in Apple macOS, specifically affecting macOS Ventura 13 and earlier versions prior to the fix. The flaw arises from improper memory management, where an app with root privileges can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with kernel-level privileges. This escalation from root to kernel privileges means that an attacker who already has root access could gain full control over the operating system kernel, bypassing security mechanisms and potentially compromising system integrity and confidentiality. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-416 (Use After Free), which typically involves accessing memory after it has been freed, leading to undefined behavior and potential code execution. The issue was addressed by Apple through improved memory management in iOS 16.1, iPadOS 16, and macOS Ventura 13. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.7 (medium severity), with vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, indicating that the attack requires local access with high privileges (root), no user interaction, and can impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a high level. There are no known exploits in the wild as of the publication date, and no patch links were provided in the source data, but Apple has released fixes in the stated OS versions. This vulnerability is significant because kernel-level code execution can lead to complete system compromise, persistent malware installation, and evasion of security controls. However, exploitation requires an attacker to already have root privileges, limiting the initial attack vector to scenarios where root access is obtained through other means or insider threats.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2022-42829 depends largely on the presence of macOS systems within their infrastructure and the likelihood of an attacker gaining root access. Organizations relying on macOS for critical operations, such as creative industries, software development firms, and certain government agencies, could face severe consequences if this vulnerability is exploited. Kernel-level compromise could lead to data breaches, system downtime, and loss of integrity of sensitive information. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, successful exploitation could disrupt business continuity and damage reputation. However, since exploitation requires prior root access, the vulnerability primarily escalates the severity of existing compromises rather than serving as an initial attack vector. This makes it particularly dangerous in environments where insider threats or other vulnerabilities could provide root access. European organizations with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) must consider the risk of data exposure and potential regulatory penalties if this vulnerability is exploited. Additionally, sectors with high-value intellectual property or critical infrastructure relying on macOS may face increased risk.

1. Ensure all macOS systems are updated to macOS Ventura 13 or later, or apply the relevant patches provided by Apple for iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16 where applicable. 2. Implement strict access controls to limit root privileges only to trusted administrators and processes, minimizing the risk of an attacker obtaining root access. 3. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring for unusual privilege escalations or kernel-level code execution attempts on macOS devices. 4. Conduct regular audits of user accounts and privilege assignments to detect and remove unnecessary root access. 5. Use application whitelisting and system integrity protection features native to macOS to reduce the attack surface. 6. Educate users and administrators about the risks of privilege escalation vulnerabilities and enforce policies to prevent unauthorized software installation or execution. 7. In environments where macOS is critical, consider network segmentation to isolate macOS systems and limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 8. Monitor security advisories from Apple and subscribe to vulnerability intelligence feeds to respond promptly to new exploit developments.