VulnerabilityPublished 24 Jan 2024Updated 30 May 2025

CVE-2023-44001

Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.4 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 17:16 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

5.4Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 33% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 24 Jan 2024
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

Immediate revocation and regeneration of channel access tokens associated with the Ailand clinic mini-app to prevent misuse of leaked credentials.
Implement strict access controls and monitoring on token usage to detect anomalous notification sending patterns.
Employ network segmentation and limit the exposure of the mini-app backend to reduce the attack surface.
Conduct thorough code reviews and security assessments of the mini-app to identify and remediate token leakage vectors.
Educate users and administrators about the risks of malicious notifications and encourage verification of unexpected messages.
Monitor official Line platform updates and security advisories for patches or fixes addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly.
Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) tuned to detect suspicious notification traffic patterns related to this vulnerability.

Description

An issue in Ailand clinic mini-app on Line v13.6.1 allows attackers to send crafted malicious notifications via leakage of the channel access token.

Impact

For European organizations, especially those leveraging Line's platform or the Ailand clinic mini-app for healthcare or customer engagement services, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized notification delivery. This could lead to targeted phishing campaigns or misinformation dissemination, potentially compromising patient data confidentiality and undermining trust in digital health services. Healthcare providers and related service platforms are particularly sensitive to such breaches due to regulatory requirements like GDPR, which mandates strict protection of personal data. The leakage of access tokens could also facilitate lateral movement or further exploitation if attackers combine this with other vulnerabilities. While the direct impact on availability is minimal, the reputational damage and potential regulatory penalties could be significant. Organizations relying on Line's ecosystem for communication should be vigilant and assess their exposure to this vulnerability.

References

github.com/syz913/CVE-reports/blob/main/CVE-2023-44001.md (opens in a new tab)

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 8 Jul 2025, 19:26 UTC

Technical details

References

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