CVE-2024-3136 is a critical Local File Inclusion vulnerability affecting the MasterStudy LMS WordPress plugin, a widely used tool for online courses and education. The flaw exists in all versions up to and including 3.3.3 and is due to improper control of the 'template' parameter, which allows an attacker to manipulate file inclusion paths. This vulnerability falls under CWE-98, indicating improper control of filename for include/require statements in PHP programs. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by sending crafted requests that cause the plugin to include arbitrary files from the server or potentially remote locations, leading to execution of arbitrary PHP code. This can result in full system compromise, including bypassing access controls, data exfiltration, and remote code execution. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network without any privileges or user interaction, making it highly dangerous. The CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8 reflects the critical nature of this flaw, with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. While no public exploits have been reported yet, the plugin’s widespread use in educational environments increases the risk of targeted attacks. The lack of available patches at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate attention from administrators to implement temporary mitigations.

The impact of CVE-2024-3136 is severe for organizations using the MasterStudy LMS plugin. Successful exploitation can lead to full remote code execution on the web server hosting the plugin, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive educational data, user credentials, and administrative controls. Attackers can also bypass access controls, potentially gaining administrative privileges within the LMS or the underlying WordPress installation. The compromise of the web server can lead to further lateral movement within the organization’s network, data theft, defacement, or deployment of malware such as ransomware. Given the plugin’s role in online education, disruption can affect the availability of critical learning services, impacting students and educators alike. The ease of exploitation without authentication or user interaction increases the likelihood of automated attacks and widespread exploitation once public exploits emerge.

Until an official patch is released, organizations should take immediate steps to mitigate the risk. First, restrict access to the vulnerable plugin by limiting network exposure, such as using web application firewalls (WAFs) to block suspicious requests targeting the 'template' parameter. Implement strict input validation and sanitization at the web server or application firewall level to prevent malicious file inclusion attempts. Disable or restrict file upload functionality within the LMS if not essential, and enforce strict file type and content validation to prevent uploading executable code disguised as images or other safe file types. Monitor web server logs for unusual requests or inclusion attempts targeting the plugin. Regularly back up LMS data and WordPress installations to enable recovery in case of compromise. Once a patch is available from the vendor, apply it immediately. Additionally, consider isolating the LMS environment to limit the blast radius of any potential compromise.