CVE-2024-49082 is a path traversal vulnerability (CWE-22) identified in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability arises due to improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory within Windows File Explorer, which can lead to unauthorized information disclosure. Specifically, an attacker could craft a maliciously constructed pathname that bypasses directory restrictions, allowing access to files and directories outside the intended scope. This flaw could be exploited remotely over a network (AV:N), but requires high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges (PR:N), and user interaction (UI:R). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality and integrity with high severity in these areas, but does not affect availability. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.8, categorized as medium severity. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to disclose sensitive information by tricking a user into interacting with a crafted file or link that triggers the path traversal in File Explorer, potentially exposing files that should remain inaccessible. This issue is particularly relevant for environments where Windows 10 Version 1809 is still in use, despite being an older release. Given the requirement for user interaction and high attack complexity, exploitation is not trivial but remains a significant risk for targeted attacks or social engineering campaigns.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data stored on affected Windows 10 Version 1809 systems. Many enterprises and public sector entities in Europe still operate legacy systems due to compatibility or operational constraints, making them susceptible. If exploited, attackers could gain unauthorized access to confidential files, intellectual property, or personal data, potentially violating GDPR requirements and leading to regulatory penalties. The integrity impact suggests that attackers might manipulate file references or metadata, possibly causing data corruption or misrepresentation. Although availability is not impacted, the breach of confidentiality and integrity can undermine trust and operational security. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering could be vectors, which are common attack methods in Europe. Additionally, sectors with high data sensitivity such as finance, healthcare, and government are at elevated risk. The lack of a patch at present increases exposure, especially in environments where patching legacy systems is delayed or difficult.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting use of Windows 10 Version 1809 systems, especially in sensitive environments, and accelerating upgrade plans to supported Windows versions with security updates. 2. Implement strict user awareness training focused on phishing and social engineering to reduce the likelihood of user interaction with malicious files or links. 3. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions that can detect and block suspicious file operations or path traversal attempts within File Explorer. 4. Use network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of vulnerable systems to untrusted networks or users. 5. Monitor logs and endpoint behavior for unusual file access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Until a patch is available, consider disabling or restricting features in File Explorer that handle untrusted paths or external content if feasible. 7. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover from any potential data compromise.