CVE-2024-54531 is a vulnerability in Apple macOS that allows an application to bypass Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization (kASLR), a security feature designed to randomize the location of kernel code in memory to prevent exploitation. The vulnerability arises from insufficient memory handling within the kernel, enabling an app with limited privileges (local access with low privileges) to infer or bypass the randomized kernel memory layout. This can facilitate further exploitation by revealing kernel addresses, which are normally randomized to prevent attacks such as kernel code execution or privilege escalation. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.5, indicating medium severity. The vector metrics indicate local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), low privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), high confidentiality impact (C:H), and no impact on integrity or availability (I:N, A:N). The issue was addressed in macOS Sequoia 15.2 through improved memory handling that prevents apps from bypassing kASLR. No specific affected versions were detailed, but it applies to versions prior to the patch. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the vulnerability could be leveraged as a stepping stone in complex attack chains targeting kernel-level exploits.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2024-54531 lies in the potential compromise of kernel memory confidentiality, which could facilitate advanced persistent threats or targeted attacks aiming to escalate privileges or execute arbitrary code at the kernel level. Organizations relying on macOS devices for sensitive operations, such as government agencies, financial institutions, and research entities, may face increased risk if attackers leverage this vulnerability to bypass kASLR protections. Although the vulnerability itself does not directly impact system integrity or availability, it lowers the barrier for attackers to develop further exploits that could lead to full system compromise. The requirement for local access and low privileges means that attackers would need some foothold on the system, such as through a malicious app or insider threat. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as exploit development could follow. The confidentiality impact is high, which is critical for organizations handling sensitive or regulated data under European data protection laws such as GDPR.

To mitigate CVE-2024-54531, European organizations should prioritize updating all macOS devices to version Sequoia 15.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched with improved memory handling. Organizations should enforce strict application control policies, limiting app installations to trusted sources such as the Apple App Store or enterprise-approved software repositories. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting suspicious local privilege escalation attempts or abnormal kernel memory access patterns. Conduct regular audits of installed applications and monitor for unauthorized or suspicious software that could exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, implement strong user access controls and least privilege principles to minimize the risk of local attackers gaining the necessary privileges to exploit the vulnerability. For high-security environments, consider deploying macOS security features such as System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Endpoint Security Framework to further reduce attack surface. Finally, maintain awareness of any emerging exploit reports or security advisories related to this CVE to respond promptly.