CVE-2025-15510 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) found in the NEX-Forms – Ultimate Forms Plugin for WordPress, a popular form-building plugin. The issue stems from the NF5_Export_Forms class constructor lacking a capability check, which means that the plugin does not verify whether the user has the necessary permissions before allowing export of form configurations. This flaw affects all plugin versions up to and including 9.1.8. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by enumerating the nex_forms_Id parameter to export form data remotely without any user interaction or authentication. The exported data can contain sensitive information such as email addresses, PayPal API credentials, and keys for third-party integrations, potentially exposing confidential business and customer data. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N), which increases the risk of automated attacks. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.3, indicating medium severity, primarily due to the confidentiality impact. No patches or known exploits have been reported at the time of publication, but the vulnerability is publicly disclosed, which may lead to future exploitation attempts. The lack of authorization checks in a widely used WordPress plugin highlights the importance of secure coding practices and thorough permission validation in web applications.

For European organizations, this vulnerability can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data stored within form configurations, including customer email addresses and payment-related credentials. This exposure can facilitate phishing campaigns, financial fraud, or unauthorized access to payment systems. Organizations in sectors such as e-commerce, finance, healthcare, and government that rely on WordPress with NEX-Forms for data collection are particularly at risk. The breach of PayPal API credentials and third-party integration keys could lead to further compromise of connected services, amplifying the impact. Confidentiality loss may also result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR, leading to potential fines and reputational damage. Since exploitation requires no authentication and can be performed remotely, the attack surface is broad, increasing the likelihood of automated scanning and exploitation attempts. However, the vulnerability does not affect data integrity or availability, limiting the scope of impact to data confidentiality.

European organizations should prioritize updating the NEX-Forms plugin to a patched version once available from the vendor. Until a patch is released, administrators should restrict access to the WordPress admin area and plugin export functionalities using web application firewalls (WAFs) or IP whitelisting to prevent unauthorized access. Implement monitoring and alerting for unusual export requests or enumeration attempts targeting the nex_forms_Id parameter. Review and minimize stored sensitive data within form configurations, avoiding storage of credentials or API keys in forms. Employ strong segmentation and access controls on WordPress environments to limit exposure. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability scans focused on WordPress plugins. Additionally, organizations should educate their security teams about this vulnerability to recognize potential exploitation indicators and prepare incident response plans accordingly.