CVE-2025-23547 identifies a Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the shawfactor LH Login Page, specifically in versions up to and including 2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of user input during the generation of web pages, which allows attackers to inject malicious scripts that are reflected back to users without adequate sanitization or encoding. This flaw enables an attacker to craft a malicious URL or input that, when visited or submitted by a victim, executes arbitrary JavaScript in the victim’s browser context. Such execution can lead to theft of session cookies, credentials, or other sensitive information, as well as unauthorized actions performed on behalf of the user. The vulnerability does not require prior authentication, increasing its risk profile, but does require user interaction to trigger the malicious payload. No patches or fixes are currently linked, and no known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the publication date. The affected product, LH Login Page by shawfactor, is used for authentication purposes, making this vulnerability critical in environments where secure login is essential. The lack of a CVSS score necessitates a severity assessment based on impact and exploitability factors.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-23547 is the compromise of user confidentiality and integrity through the execution of arbitrary scripts in the context of the vulnerable web application. Attackers can steal session tokens, enabling account takeover, or manipulate the login page to redirect users to phishing sites or deliver malware. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive systems, data breaches, and erosion of user trust. Organizations relying on the LH Login Page for authentication risk exposure of user credentials and potential lateral movement within their networks. The vulnerability could also facilitate further attacks such as privilege escalation or persistent access if combined with other vulnerabilities. Although availability is less directly impacted, the reputational damage and potential regulatory consequences from data breaches can be significant. The ease of exploitation without authentication and the broad scope of affected versions increase the threat level globally.

To mitigate CVE-2025-23547, organizations should immediately review and sanitize all user inputs on the LH Login Page, ensuring proper encoding and neutralization of special characters before rendering them in the HTML output. Implementing a robust Content Security Policy (CSP) can help restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts. Monitoring and logging suspicious input patterns can aid in early detection of exploitation attempts. Organizations should track vendor communications for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. Additionally, educating users about the risks of clicking untrusted links and employing multi-factor authentication (MFA) can reduce the impact of potential credential theft. Web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block XSS payloads may provide interim protection. Finally, conducting regular security assessments and penetration testing on authentication components can help identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.