CVE-2025-24103 is a critical security vulnerability identified in Apple macOS operating systems, stemming from improper validation of symbolic links (symlinks). Symlinks are filesystem objects that point to other files or directories, and improper validation can allow an attacker to redirect file access to protected user data. This vulnerability falls under CWE-59 (Improper Link Resolution Before File Access), which can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive files. The flaw allows a malicious application to bypass macOS's built-in protections and access user data that should be restricted, potentially exposing confidential information. The vulnerability affects multiple macOS versions prior to the patched releases: Ventura 13.7.3, Sequoia 15.3, and Sonoma 14.7.3. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 9.8, reflecting a network attack vector with low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction needed, and impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely by any unprivileged app, making it highly dangerous. Apple addressed the issue by improving symlink validation mechanisms to prevent unauthorized file access. No public exploits or active exploitation have been reported yet, but the critical nature and ease of exploitation make timely patching essential.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Organizations relying on macOS systems—especially in sectors handling sensitive personal data, intellectual property, or critical infrastructure—could face unauthorized data disclosure or manipulation if exploited. The ability for an unprivileged app to access protected user data could lead to data breaches, compliance violations (e.g., GDPR), and reputational damage. The vulnerability could also be leveraged as a foothold for further attacks within corporate networks. Given the widespread use of macOS in European technology, creative industries, finance, and government sectors, the impact could be broad and severe if not mitigated promptly.

European organizations should immediately verify macOS versions in use and deploy the security updates macOS Ventura 13.7.3, Sequoia 15.3, or Sonoma 14.7.3 where applicable. Restrict installation of applications to trusted sources such as the Apple App Store or verified enterprise software distribution channels to reduce risk exposure. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of monitoring and blocking suspicious file system activities, including abnormal symlink creation or access patterns. Implement strict application whitelisting and least privilege principles to limit the ability of apps to execute unauthorized actions. Conduct regular audits of installed software and system logs to detect potential exploitation attempts. Additionally, educate users about the risks of installing untrusted software and maintain robust backup and incident response plans to mitigate potential data loss or compromise.