VulnerabilityPublished 20 May 2025Updated 5 Nov 2026

CVE-2025-37963: Linux kernel · arm64: bpf: Only mitigate cBPF programs loaded by unprivileged users

Affects Linux kernelSource GCVE Database

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Not known to be exploited.

Data as of 5 Nov 2026, 21:52 UTC

Severity

Unrated

Rated by Threat Radar · No CVSS score from NVD or the CNA

Thin evidence

One scorer or none

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 20 May 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 5 Nov 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

The vulnerability has been resolved in the Linux kernel. Users should ensure their systems are updated to the fixed kernel versions once available. Since no specific patch versions are provided, check the official Linux kernel advisories for the relevant fix. No additional action is required beyond applying the official kernel update when released.

Description

A vulnerability in the Linux kernel's arm64 architecture related to BPF program mitigation has been addressed. The fix ensures that only classic BPF (cBPF) programs loaded by unprivileged users are mitigated, as support for extended BPF (eBPF) programs by unprivileged users is typically disabled. Mitigation for cBPF programs loaded by privileged users is unnecessary because they can load equivalent eBPF programs, rendering the mitigation ineffective.

Impact

The vulnerability relates to the mitigation scope of BPF programs in the Linux kernel on arm64. By limiting mitigation to only cBPF programs loaded by unprivileged users, the kernel avoids unnecessary mitigation for privileged users' programs, potentially improving performance or reducing overhead. There is no indication of active exploitation or direct compromise from this vulnerability in the provided data.

Summary

CVE-2025-37963 concerns the Linux kernel on arm64 platforms and addresses the scope of mitigations applied to BPF programs. Previously, mitigations may have been applied more broadly, but this update restricts mitigation to only cBPF programs loaded by unprivileged users. Since unprivileged users generally cannot load eBPF programs, only their cBPF programs require mitigation for the BHB (Branch History Buffer) vulnerability. Privileged users can load eBPF programs without mitigation, making mitigation of their cBPF programs redundant. This refinement improves the mitigation strategy's precision.

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 5 Nov 2026, 21:52 UTC

Technical details

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