VulnerabilityPublished 13 Nov 2025Updated 17 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-47220: signserver · Improper Access Control

Affects signserverSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium : upgrade to 7.3.2 when convenient.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 10:12 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 20% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 7.3.2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 13 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade com.keyfactor/signserver to 7.3.2.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Mavencom.keyfactor/signserver`pkg:maven/com.keyfactor/signserver`Other threats	Affected <7.3.2	Fixed in 7.3.2

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-47220, European organizations should take the following specific actions: 1) Upgrade Keyfactor SignServer to version 7.3.2 or later, where the vulnerability is addressed. If an upgrade is not immediately possible, 2) restrict administrative access to the SignServer environment to only trusted personnel and enforce strong authentication and authorization controls to prevent unauthorized changes to the VISIBLE_SIGNATURE_CUSTOM_IMAGE_PATH property. 3) Implement monitoring and alerting for changes to configuration properties related to signature images to detect suspicious activity. 4) Conduct regular audits of file permissions and server user privileges to ensure that the application server user has minimal necessary access, limiting exposure of sensitive files. 5) Employ network segmentation and isolation for the SignServer infrastructure to reduce the attack surface. 6) Engage with Keyfactor support or security advisories to obtain any available patches or workarounds. 7) Educate administrators about the risks of improper configuration and the importance of validating file paths used in signature customization. These measures collectively reduce the risk of exploitation and limit the potential impact of the vulnerability.

Description

A local file enumeration was found in Keyfactor SignServer versions prior to 7.3.2 .The property VISIBLE_SIGNATURE_CUSTOM_IMAGE_PATH, which exists in the PDFSigner and the PAdESSigner, can be set to any path without any restrictions by an admin user. In the case that the provided path points to an existing file, readable by the user running the application server, but is not a recognized image format, it will return this as an error to the clientside, confirming the existences of the file.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-47220 is information disclosure through local file enumeration on Keyfactor SignServer installations. While the vulnerability requires admin privileges, it can assist malicious insiders or attackers who have gained elevated access in mapping the file system and identifying sensitive files. This reconnaissance capability could facilitate subsequent attacks such as privilege escalation or data exfiltration. Organizations relying on digital signature services for document signing and validation, especially in regulated sectors like finance, healthcare, and government, may face increased risk if attackers leverage this vulnerability to gather intelligence about the server environment. Although the vulnerability does not directly compromise data integrity or availability, the exposure of file existence information could indirectly weaken security posture. European entities with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) must consider the potential for unauthorized information disclosure as a compliance risk. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate threat but does not eliminate the risk of future exploitation. Therefore, affected organizations should prioritize mitigation to prevent any escalation from this vulnerability.

CWE-284Improper Access Control (opens in a new tab)
Pillar weaknessCWE Top 25 (2025): #19OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
MITRE discourages mapping vulnerabilities to this broad entry; the root cause is usually a more specific weakness.
Architecture and Design · Operation
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Architecture and Design · Separation of Privilege
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Docker Security (opens in a new tab)
Third Party Javascript Management (opens in a new tab)
Virtual Patching (opens in a new tab)
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V1.4.4 (opens in a new tab)
V1.4.5 (opens in a new tab)
V1.10.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Embedding Scripts within Scripts (opens in a new tab)
Modification of Windows Service Configuration (opens in a new tab)
Malicious Root Certificate (opens in a new tab)
Intent Spoof (opens in a new tab)
WebView Exposure (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 17 Dec 2025, 20:07 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-284

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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