CVE-2025-52080 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Netgear XR300 router, specifically version V1.0.3.38_10.3.30. The flaw exists within the HTTPD service, which handles web-based management interfaces, and is triggered through the usb_device.cgi endpoint. The vulnerability arises when processing POST requests that include the share_name parameter. Due to improper bounds checking on this parameter, an attacker can craft a malicious POST request with an oversized share_name value, causing a buffer overflow on the stack. This type of vulnerability (CWE-121) can lead to memory corruption, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service by crashing the HTTPD service. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.5 (medium severity), with the vector indicating network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and limited confidentiality and integrity impacts (C:L/I:L) but no availability impact (A:N). No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely without authentication or user interaction, making it a significant risk for exposed devices. However, the impact is somewhat limited due to the medium severity rating and the lack of availability impact.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk primarily to network infrastructure relying on the Netgear XR300 router model. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution or service disruption of the router's management interface, potentially enabling attackers to manipulate network configurations or pivot into internal networks. Confidentiality and integrity of network management data could be compromised, affecting sensitive organizational information and network stability. Given the router’s role in small to medium business or home office environments, the impact could extend to remote workers or branch offices. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk, but the ease of exploitation without authentication means attackers scanning for vulnerable devices could leverage this flaw. Organizations with exposed management interfaces accessible from untrusted networks are particularly at risk. The lack of a patch means mitigation relies on network-level controls and configuration changes until a vendor fix is available.

1. Immediately restrict access to the router’s web management interface by implementing network segmentation and firewall rules to limit access only to trusted internal IP addresses. 2. Disable remote management features on the Netgear XR300 router if not strictly necessary, especially access via WAN interfaces. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting usb_device.cgi with suspiciously large share_name parameters. 4. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics to detect buffer overflow attempts against HTTPD services. 5. Regularly check for vendor advisories and apply firmware updates or patches as soon as they become available. 6. Consider replacing affected devices with models that have a better security track record if patching is delayed. 7. Conduct internal audits to identify all instances of the Netgear XR300 in the network and assess exposure. 8. Educate IT staff about the vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include steps for potential exploitation scenarios.