CVE-2025-52082 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Netgear XR300 router, specifically in firmware version V1.0.3.38_10.3.30. The flaw exists within the HTTPD service, which handles web-based management interfaces, and is triggered through the usb_device.cgi endpoint. The vulnerability arises when the HTTPD service processes POST requests containing the 'read_access' parameter. Due to improper bounds checking on this parameter, an attacker can send a specially crafted POST request that causes a buffer overflow on the stack. This can lead to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or system instability. Since the vulnerability is in the router's management interface, exploitation likely requires network access to the device's administrative web interface, which may be restricted to local networks or VPNs unless remote management is enabled. No public exploits are currently known in the wild, and no official patches or mitigations have been published at the time of disclosure. The absence of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability is newly disclosed and not yet fully assessed for severity. However, stack-based buffer overflows in network-facing services are typically high-risk due to the potential for remote code execution and control over critical network infrastructure devices.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to network security and operational continuity. The Netgear XR300 is a consumer and small business router, often deployed in home offices and small enterprise environments. Exploitation could allow attackers to gain control over the router, intercept or manipulate network traffic, and potentially pivot into internal networks. This could lead to data breaches, disruption of business operations, and compromise of connected devices. Given the critical role routers play in network perimeter defense, successful exploitation could undermine confidentiality, integrity, and availability of organizational data and services. The impact is heightened if remote management is enabled or if the device is exposed to untrusted networks. Additionally, the lack of patches means organizations must rely on mitigation strategies until a firmware update is released. The threat is particularly relevant for sectors with high reliance on secure network infrastructure, such as finance, healthcare, and government entities within Europe.

Organizations should immediately audit their network environments to identify the presence of Netgear XR300 routers running the vulnerable firmware version. If found, disable remote management interfaces to restrict access to trusted internal networks only. Implement network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical systems. Employ strict firewall rules to block unauthorized inbound traffic to router management ports. Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting the usb_device.cgi endpoint, and consider deploying intrusion detection systems with custom signatures to detect exploitation attempts. Until an official patch is released, consider replacing vulnerable devices or upgrading to newer, supported hardware with updated firmware. Additionally, educate users and administrators about the risks of exposing router management interfaces and enforce strong authentication mechanisms. Regularly check Netgear’s official channels for firmware updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available.