VulnerabilityPublished 21 Jan 2026Updated 22 Jan 2026

CVE-2025-70648: Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 09:16 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 30% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 21 Jan 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

European organizations should implement the following specific measures to mitigate CVE-2025-70648: 1) Immediately inventory and identify all Tenda AX1803 routers in use, focusing on firmware version 1.0.0.1. 2) Monitor Tenda’s official channels for firmware updates or security advisories addressing this vulnerability and apply patches promptly once available. 3) Restrict access to router management interfaces by implementing network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure to trusted internal networks only. 4) Disable remote management features if not required, or enforce strong authentication and encrypted management protocols. 5) Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to monitor for anomalous or malformed requests targeting the security_5g parameter or related functions. 6) Conduct regular network traffic analysis to detect potential exploitation attempts. 7) Consider replacing vulnerable devices with models from vendors with stronger security track records if patching is delayed. 8) Educate IT staff on recognizing signs of DoS attacks and establishing incident response procedures to quickly isolate affected devices. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on device-specific controls and proactive monitoring tailored to the vulnerability’s characteristics.

Description

Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the security_5g parameter of the sub_727F4 function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-70648 is the potential disruption of network availability due to denial of service on Tenda AX1803 routers. This can affect enterprise networks, small and medium businesses, and critical infrastructure relying on these devices for wireless connectivity. Network outages could lead to operational downtime, loss of productivity, and interruption of services. In sectors such as healthcare, finance, and public administration, such disruptions could have cascading effects on service delivery and compliance with regulatory requirements. Since the vulnerability does not affect confidentiality or integrity, data breaches are unlikely; however, the loss of availability can still cause significant operational and reputational damage. The ease of exploitation without authentication increases the risk of opportunistic attacks, especially in environments where these routers are exposed to untrusted networks or the internet. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive mitigation, but organizations must act swiftly to prevent potential exploitation.

CWE-121Stack-based Buffer Overflow (opens in a new tab)
Variant weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #14
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
Operation · Build and Compilation · Environment Hardening
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index…
Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Implementation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
XML Security (opens in a new tab)
Mass Assignment (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V13.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.4 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.3 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

github.com/0-fool/VulnbyCola/blob/main/Tenda/AX-1803/6/1.md (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 28 Jan 2026, 20:08 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-121

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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