CVE-2026-40342: CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in FirebirdSQL firebird
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
FirebirdSQL firebird versions before 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the external engine plugin loader. The loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without sanitizing path separators or '..' components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can craft an ENGINE name to traverse directories and load arbitrary shared libraries from anywhere on the filesystem. The loaded library's initialization code executes immediately with the server's OS account privileges before module validation, enabling remote code execution. This vulnerability is tracked as CVE-2026-40342 with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 10.0 (critical).
Potential Impact
Successful exploitation allows an authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges to execute arbitrary code on the server with the same privileges as the FirebirdSQL server process. This can lead to full compromise of the database server and potentially the underlying host system. The vulnerability affects versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14. There are no known exploits in the wild as of the published date.
Mitigation Recommendations
This vulnerability has been fixed in FirebirdSQL versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14. Users should upgrade to these or later versions to remediate the issue. No other official remediation or temporary fixes are documented. Patch status is confirmed by the vendor's versioning information. Until upgraded, restrict CREATE FUNCTION privileges to trusted users only.
CVE-2026-40342: CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in FirebirdSQL firebird
Description
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
CVSS v3.1
Score 10.0critical
AI-Powered Analysis
Machine-generated threat intelligence
Technical Analysis
FirebirdSQL firebird versions before 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the external engine plugin loader. The loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without sanitizing path separators or '..' components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can craft an ENGINE name to traverse directories and load arbitrary shared libraries from anywhere on the filesystem. The loaded library's initialization code executes immediately with the server's OS account privileges before module validation, enabling remote code execution. This vulnerability is tracked as CVE-2026-40342 with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 10.0 (critical).
Potential Impact
Successful exploitation allows an authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges to execute arbitrary code on the server with the same privileges as the FirebirdSQL server process. This can lead to full compromise of the database server and potentially the underlying host system. The vulnerability affects versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14. There are no known exploits in the wild as of the published date.
Mitigation Recommendations
This vulnerability has been fixed in FirebirdSQL versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14. Users should upgrade to these or later versions to remediate the issue. No other official remediation or temporary fixes are documented. Patch status is confirmed by the vendor's versioning information. Until upgraded, restrict CREATE FUNCTION privileges to trusted users only.
Technical Details
- Data Version
- 5.2
- Assigner Short Name
- GitHub_M
- Date Reserved
- 2026-04-10T22:50:01.358Z
- Cvss Version
- 3.1
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Remediation Level
- null
Threat ID: 69e28fa4bdfbbecc59867cc1
Added to database: 4/17/2026, 7:53:08 PM
Last enriched: 4/25/2026, 2:40:00 AM
Last updated: 5/28/2026, 3:07:41 PM
Views: 147
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