CVE-2026-80537: Linux kernel · xfs: fix off-by-one in rtrefcount btree root level validation
Affects Linux kernelSource GCVE Database
Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.8 High.
Data as of 28 Oct 2026, 01:00 UTC
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HExploitation evidence
Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 26 Aug 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors
A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.
What to do
Affected software
| Product | Affected | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
Ubuntu 26.04 LTSlinuxpkg:deb/ubuntu/linux?arch=source&distro=resoluteOther threats | Affected
| Fixed in– |
Ubuntu 26.04 LTSlinux-awspkg:deb/ubuntu/linux-aws?arch=source&distro=resoluteOther threats | Affected
| Fixed in– |
Ubuntu 26.04 LTSlinux-azurepkg:deb/ubuntu/linux-azure?arch=source&distro=resoluteOther threats | Affected
| Fixed in– |
Ubuntu 26.04 LTSlinux-azure-fdepkg:deb/ubuntu/linux-azure-fde?arch=source&distro=resoluteOther threats | Affected
| Fixed in– |
Ubuntu 26.04 LTSlinux-gcppkg:deb/ubuntu/linux-gcp?arch=source&distro=resoluteOther threats | Affected
| Fixed in– |
Ubuntu 26.04 LTSlinux-gkepkg:deb/ubuntu/linux-gke?arch=source&distro=resoluteOther threats | Affected
| Fixed in– |
Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfs: fix off-by-one in rtrefcount btree root level validation xfs_rtrefcountbt_compute_maxlevels() sets mp->m_rtrefc_maxlevels = min(d_maxlevels, r_maxlevels) + 1; where the trailing "+ 1" already accounts for the inode-root level, so the deepest valid on-disk root level is m_rtrefc_maxlevels - 1 and a cursor must satisfy bc_nlevels <= bc_maxlevels (= m_rtrefc_maxlevels). The two on-disk validation paths, xfs_rtrefcountbt_verify() and xfs_iformat_rtrefcount(), check the root level with ">" instead of ">=", so a crafted rtreflink (metadir + realtime + reflink) image whose /rtgroups/N.refcount inode has bb_level == m_rtrefc_maxlevels is accepted on mount. xfs_rtrefcountbt_init_cursor() then sets bc_nlevels = bb_level + 1, exceeding bc_maxlevels by one. Since the xfs_rtrefcountbt_cur slab object is sized for exactly bc_maxlevels entries, the first btree op on such a cursor indexes bc_levels[m_rtrefc_maxlevels] past the end of the object. This is reached by the first rtrefcount cursor built after mount, via log/CoW recovery (xfs_reflink_recover_cow() during xfs_mountfs()) or an FS_IOC_GETFSMAP over the realtime device. Reject a root level equal to m_rtrefc_maxlevels, matching the ">=" form already used by the sibling data-device refcount/rmap verifiers and the in-memory rtrmap verifier. BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in xfs_btree_lookup (fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c:2101) Write of size 2 at addr ffff888018391658 by task exploit/144 xfs_btree_lookup (fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c:2101) xfs_btree_query_range (fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c:5308) xfs_refcount_recover_cow_leftovers (fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_refcount.c:2113) xfs_reflink_recover_cow (fs/xfs/xfs_reflink.c:1085) xlog_recover_finish (fs/xfs/xfs_log_recover.c:3551) xfs_mountfs (fs/xfs/xfs_mount.c:1158) xfs_fs_fill_super (fs/xfs/xfs_super.c:1940) get_tree_bdev_flags (fs/super.c:1634) vfs_get_tree (fs/super.c:1694) path_mount (fs/namespace.c:4161) __x64_sys_mount (fs/namespace.c:4367) entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121) The buggy address belongs to the cache xfs_rtrefcountbt_cur of size 216 The buggy address is located 8 bytes to the right of allocated 216-byte region [ffff888018391578, ffff888018391650) Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception
References
- ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-80537 (opens in a new tab)
- cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-80537 (opens in a new tab)
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc3144da377de5fb422d44a2311f978623f7c900 (opens in a new tab)
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a0ecae2ecda9f9a83a496ed05c42c4b1f5c3f2d (opens in a new tab)
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/ccebfc309441e0b37b2e6ece90f18810a489d326 (opens in a new tab)