Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift API for Data Protection

1. Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks

   Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.

2. Implementation · Architecture and Design

   Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.

3. Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction

   Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
• DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
• Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
• Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
• Deserialization (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
• V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)

Attack patterns

• XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
• DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
• Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
• Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Implementation

   Change the code's logic so that the resource is only closed once. This might require simplifying or refactoring. This fix can be simple to do in small code blocks, but more difficult when multiple closes are buried within complex conditionals.

2. Implementation · Refactoring

   It can be effective to implement a flag that is (1) set when the resource is opened, (2) cleared when it is closed, and (3) checked before closing. This approach can be useful when there are disparate cases in which closes must be performed.

3. Implementation · Refactoring

   When closing a resource, set the resource's associated variable to NULL or equivalent value for the given language. Some APIs will ignore this null value without causing errors.

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Implementation

   Do not use user-controlled data for loop conditions.

2. Implementation

   Perform input validation.

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• XML Security (opens in a new tab)
• Mass Assignment (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V13.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
• V5.1.4 (opens in a new tab)
• V5.1.3 (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• Authorization (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V8.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
• V13.4.2 (opens in a new tab)
• V7.2.2 (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Implementation · Input Validation

   Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• XML Security (opens in a new tab)
• Mass Assignment (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V13.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
• V5.1.4 (opens in a new tab)
• V5.1.3 (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Requirements · Language Selection

   Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.

2. Implementation

   It is good practice to be responsible for freeing all resources you allocate and to be consistent with how and where you free resources in a function. If you allocate resources that you intend to free upon completion of the function, you must be sure to free the resources at all exit points for that function including…

3. Operation · Architecture and Design · Resource Limitation

   Use resource-limiting settings provided by the operating system or environment. For example, when managing system resources in POSIX, setrlimit() can be used to set limits for certain types of resources, and getrlimit() can determine how many resources are available.

Attack patterns

• HTTP DoS (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• XML Security (opens in a new tab)
• REST Security (opens in a new tab)
• JSON Web Token for Java (opens in a new tab)
• REST Assessment (opens in a new tab)
• Cross-Site Request Forgery Prevention (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V13.3.2 (opens in a new tab)
• V3.5.3 (opens in a new tab)
• V13.2.6 (opens in a new tab)

Attack patterns

• Padding Oracle Crypto Attack (opens in a new tab)
• Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Implementation

   For any pointers that could have been modified or provided from a function that can return NULL, check the pointer for NULL before use. When working with a multithreaded or otherwise asynchronous environment, ensure that proper locking APIs are used to lock before the check, and unlock when it has finished.

2. Requirements

   Select a programming language that is not susceptible to these issues.

3. Implementation

   Check the results of all functions that return a value and verify that the value is non-null before acting upon it.

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• Logging (opens in a new tab)
• Error Handling (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V11.1.7 (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Implementation

   The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

2. Implementation

   When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

3. Architecture and Design

   Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V1.11.3 (opens in a new tab)
• V11.1.6 (opens in a new tab)
• V1.11.2 (opens in a new tab)

Attack patterns

• Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links (opens in a new tab)
• Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• File Upload (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V12.1.1 (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Architecture and Design · Implementation

   Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.

2. Implementation

   If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• Transport Layer Protection (opens in a new tab)
• TLS Cipher String (opens in a new tab)
• OWASP Authentication (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V9.2.1 (opens in a new tab)
• V1.9.2 (opens in a new tab)
• V2.8.5 (opens in a new tab)

Attack patterns

• Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate (opens in a new tab)
• Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• OWASP Authentication (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V2.8.5 (opens in a new tab)
• V2.8.4 (opens in a new tab)
• V9.2.3 (opens in a new tab)

Attack patterns

• Reflection Attack in Authentication Protocol (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Implementation

   Avoid making conversion between numeric types. Always check for the allowed ranges.

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Architecture and Design

   If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

2. Architecture and Design · Operation · Sandbox or Jail

   Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.

3. Architecture and Design · Attack Surface Reduction

   For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
• Injection Prevention in Java (opens in a new tab)
• OS Command Injection Defense (opens in a new tab)
• Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
• Deserialization (opens in a new tab)

OWASP ASVS 4.0.3

• V12.3.5 (opens in a new tab)
• V5.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
• V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)

Attack patterns

• Command Line Execution through SQL Injection (opens in a new tab)
• Command Delimiters (opens in a new tab)
• Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers (opens in a new tab)
• Argument Injection (opens in a new tab)
• OS Command Injection (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

1. Architecture and Design · Attack Surface Reduction

   Store state information and sensitive data on the server side only.

2. Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks

   Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.

3. Architecture and Design

   For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks…

OWASP Cheat Sheets

• Secure Design Principles (opens in a new tab)

From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).