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APT43: North Korean Group Uses Cybercrime to Fund Espionage Operations

APT43, also known as Kimsuky, is a North Korean advanced persistent threat (APT) group that has been observed leveraging cybercrime activities to fund its espionage operations. This threat actor employs a sophisticated and multi-faceted attack methodology primarily centered around social engineering techniques such as phishing and spearphishing (MITRE ATT&CK T1566, T1566.001, T1566.002). The group uses malicious links and attachments to gain initial access to targeted systems. Once inside, APT43 utilizes a wide range of tactics and techniques to maintain persistence, escalate privileges, and conduct reconnaissance. These include the use of scheduled tasks (T1053.005), Windows Management Instrumentation (T1047), command and scripting interpreters such as PowerShell and Windows command shell (T1059.001, T1059.003), and code injection methods (T1055 series). 

APT43 also compromises infrastructure by leveraging virtual private servers (T1583.003) and multi-hop proxies (T1090.003) to obfuscate command and control (C2) communications, which often use web protocols (T1071.001) and DNS tunneling (T1071.004). The group employs digital and code signing certificates (T1588.003, T1588.004) to sign malware and evade detection, and installs these certificates (T1608.003) to masquerade malicious payloads as legitimate software. They also use obfuscation techniques such as binary padding, software packing, and indicator removal (T1027 series) to avoid signature-based detection. 

APT43 conducts extensive discovery activities (T1007, T1010, T1012, T1016, T1033, T1057, T1082, T1083, T1087, T1518) to map out the environment and identify valuable targets. They capture sensitive data through keylogging (T1056.001), screen capture (T1113), clipboard data collection (T1115), and exfiltrate data via automated methods (T1020). The group also employs brute force attacks (T1110) and steals credentials from web browsers (T1555.003) to expand access. Persistence is maintained through registry run keys, startup folders, Windows services, and Winlogon helper DLLs (T1547 series, T1543.003). They also use advanced evasion techniques such as virtualization/sandbox evasion (T1497), debugger evasion (T1622), and reflective code loading (T1620). 

This threat actor is known to exploit client execution vulnerabilities (T1203) and uses malicious files and links (T1204.001, T1204.002) to deliver payloads. They manipulate system processes and tokens (T1134) and modify system registries (T1112) to maintain control. The group’s operations are perpetual and ongoing, with known exploits in the wild, and no patches are currently available for the vulnerabilities exploited. The threat level is high due to the combination of espionage objectives and cybercrime funding activities, making it a persistent and dangerous actor.

Detailed information about APT43: North Korean Group Uses Cybercrime to Fund Espionage Operations affecting misp-galaxy mitre-attack-pattern. Get real-time upda

APT43: North Korean Group Uses Cybercrime to Fund Espionage Operations - Live Threat Intelligence - Threat Radar | OffSeq.com

Emotet is a sophisticated and modular malware strain primarily known for its use in large-scale spam campaigns and as a delivery mechanism for other malware families. The provided information details an Emotet campaign characterized by a variety of Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) aligned with the MITRE ATT&CK framework. Key techniques include spearphishing attachments (T1193) as the initial infection vector, leveraging malicious email attachments to compromise victims. Once executed, Emotet employs command-line interfaces (T1059), scheduled tasks (T1053), scripting (T1064), and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) (T1047) to maintain persistence and execute payloads. It also uses registry run keys and startup folders (T1060) to ensure execution upon system reboot. Process injection (T1055) is utilized to evade detection and maintain stealth by running malicious code within legitimate processes. Emotet conducts extensive reconnaissance activities such as account discovery (T1087), domain trust discovery (T1482), and system owner/user discovery (T1033) to map the environment and identify valuable targets. For command and control (C2) communication, it uses commonly used ports (T1043), standard application layer protocols (T1071), and standard cryptographic protocols (T1032) to blend in with normal network traffic and evade network defenses. The campaign also references tools like Empire and Cobalt Strike, which are often used post-compromise for lateral movement and privilege escalation. The threat level is medium, reflecting Emotet's widespread impact but also the availability of detection and mitigation strategies. No known exploits in the wild are indicated, but the campaign's persistence and modularity make it a continuing risk. Overall, this Emotet campaign demonstrates a multi-stage attack lifecycle from initial phishing to lateral movement and data exfiltration capabilities, leveraging a broad spectrum of Windows-based techniques to maintain stealth and persistence.

Detailed information about Emotet in Depth TTP 10-07-19. Get real-time updates, technical details, and mitigation strategies.

Emotet in Depth TTP 10-07-19 - Live Threat Intelligence - Threat Radar | OffSeq.com

Emotet in Depth TTP 10-07-19

SectorJ04 Groupâ€™s Increased Activity in 2019

The SectorJ04 threat group, also known as TA505, demonstrated increased activity in 2019 involving a broad range of sophisticated attack techniques primarily targeting Windows environments. This group employs spearphishing methods, including malicious attachments (T1193) and links (T1192), often leveraging trusted relationships (T1199) to gain initial access. Once inside a network, they utilize various execution techniques such as command-line interface (T1059), PowerShell (T1086), rundll32 (T1085), scheduled tasks (T1053), scripting (T1064), service execution (T1035), and execution through API or module loading (T1106, T1129). They also exploit client-side vulnerabilities (T1203) and user execution (T1204) to facilitate payload delivery.

For defense evasion, SectorJ04 uses methods like DLL side-loading (T1073), disabling security tools (T1089), bypassing User Account Control (T1088), code signing (T1116), obfuscation (T1027), software packing (T1045), virtualization/sandbox evasion (T1497), and hiding windows (T1143). Persistence is maintained through account manipulation (T1098), new services (T1050), registry run keys/startup folders (T1060), startup items (T1165), and WMI event subscriptions (T1084). They conduct extensive discovery activities including account (T1087), file and directory (T1083), network service scanning (T1046), network share (T1135), permission groups (T1069), process (T1057), registry queries (T1012), remote system (T1018), security software (T1063), system information (T1082), network configuration (T1016), network connections (T1049), system owner/user (T1033), and system service discovery (T1007).

For lateral movement and command and control, they use remote desktop protocol (T1076), remote services (T1021), custom and standard application layer protocols (T1094, T1071), and cryptographic protocols (T1024, T1032). Data collection techniques include automated collection (T1119), local system data (T1005), and email collection (T1114). Exfiltration is performed via automated exfiltration (T1020), alternative protocols (T1048), and command and control channels (T1041), often compressing (T1002) and encrypting data (T1486) to evade detection. This comprehensive attack lifecycle demonstrates SectorJ04's capability to conduct complex, multi-stage intrusions with a focus on stealth and persistence.

Although no specific affected software versions or exploits in the wild are documented, the group's tactics align with advanced persistent threat (APT) behavior targeting enterprise environments, particularly those with Windows infrastructure. The low severity rating likely reflects the absence of a single exploitable vulnerability but rather a combination of social engineering and post-compromise techniques.

Detailed information about SectorJ04 Groupâ€™s Increased Activity in 2019 affecting misp-galaxy mitre-attack-pattern. Get real-time updates, technical details, 

SectorJ04 Groupâ€™s Increased Activity in 2019 - Live Threat Intelligence - Threat Radar | OffSeq.com

Zebrocy is a malware family primarily classified as a backdoor, known for its use in targeted intrusion campaigns. It is associated with a range of sophisticated attack techniques as cataloged in the MITRE ATT&CK framework. Zebrocy typically employs spearphishing links (T1192) to initiate infection, relying on user execution (T1204) to activate its payload. The malware leverages Windows native utilities such as rundll32 (T1085) and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) (T1047) to execute malicious code and maintain persistence. Persistence mechanisms include scheduled tasks (T1053), registry run keys/startup folder modifications (T1060), and Component Object Model (COM) hijacking (T1122). Zebrocy also attempts to disable security tools (T1089) and delete files (T1107) to evade detection and hinder forensic analysis.

Once established, Zebrocy conducts extensive reconnaissance activities including process discovery (T1057), system information discovery (T1082), file and directory discovery (T1083), and registry queries (T1012). It collects data from local systems (T1005), network shared drives (T1039), and removable media (T1025), staging this data (T1074) for exfiltration. Zebrocy employs input capture (T1056) and screen capture (T1113) techniques to gather sensitive user information. Data exfiltration is performed over command and control (C2) channels (T1041) using commonly used ports (T1043) and custom cryptographic protocols (T1024), often with multilayer encryption (T1079) and data obfuscation (T1001) to avoid detection. The malware uses fallback channels (T1008) and standard application layer protocols (T1071) to maintain communication resilience.

Zebrocy is notable for its modularity and use of AutoIt scripting in some variants, facilitating rapid development and deployment. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild for this malware, its extensive use of legitimate Windows features and complex evasion techniques make it a persistent threat in targeted environments. The threat level is moderate (3/10), with a low severity rating assigned, reflecting the requirement for user interaction and the targeted nature of attacks rather than widespread automated exploitation.

Detailed information about OSINT - A journey to Zebrocy land. Get real-time updates, technical details, and mitigation strategies.

Title	Severity	Type	Source	Date

Threats Tagged 'misp-galaxy:mitre-attack-pattern="windows management instrumentation - t1047"'

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