VulnerabilityPublished 30 Sep 2026

CVE-2026-102584: CWE-425

Source GCVE Database

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Authoritative record:CVE-2026-102584· Medium 4.3

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.3 Medium.

Data as of 14 Nov 2026, 20:43 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 10% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 30 Sep 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 14 Nov 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

ghsa-fqcg-5c9f-c55v

What to do

AI-suggested

Until an official fix is available, restrict access to authenticated users and monitor for unusual grade recalculation activities if possible.

Description

A vulnerability in Moodle allows a low-privileged authenticated user to trigger the recalculation of grade penalties without the necessary permissions. This flaw arises from a missing capability check and can lead to unauthorized modification of grade penalty records, potentially affecting student assessment scores. The issue has a medium severity rating with a CVSS score of 4.3.

Impact

The vulnerability allows unauthorized users with low privileges to alter grade penalty records, potentially changing student assessment scores. There is no impact on confidentiality or availability reported. The integrity of grade data is compromised.

Summary

CVE-2026-102584 describes a security flaw in Moodle where a missing capability check permits low-privileged authenticated users to initiate the recalculation of grade penalties. This unauthorized action can modify grade penalty records, impacting the integrity of student assessment scores. The vulnerability does not affect confidentiality or availability but impacts integrity.

CWE-425Direct Request (Forced Browsing) (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessOWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
Architecture and Design · Operation
Apply appropriate access control authorizations for each access to all restricted URLs, scripts or files.
Architecture and Design
Consider using MVC based frameworks such as Struts.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
V1.2.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.2.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Directory Indexing (opens in a new tab)
Detect Unpublicized Web Pages (opens in a new tab)
Detect Unpublicized Web Services (opens in a new tab)
Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB) (opens in a new tab)
Forceful Browsing (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 30 Sep 2026, 16:09 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-425

Technical details

References

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