CVE-2025-58369VulnerabilityPublished 5 Sep 2025Updated 7 Nov 2025

Co.fs2:fs2 io 2.12: FS2 half-shutdown of socket during TLS handshake may result in spin loop on opposite side

Affects co.fs2:fs2-io_2.12Source GCVE Database

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Authoritative record:CVE-2025-58369· Medium 5.3

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium : upgrade to 3.12.2 when convenient.

Data as of 4 Nov 2026, 18:43 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

Thin evidence

One scorer or none

CVSS scores by source
CNA (GitHub_M)	CVSS 3.1	5.3

Patch: Available – fixed in 3.12.2, 3.13.0-M7, 2.5.13

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: Low

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 5 Sep 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 4 Nov 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade co.fs2:fs2-io_2.12 and co.fs2:fs2-io_2.13 and co.fs2:fs2-io_3 to 3.12.2; co.fs2:fs2-io_2.12 and co.fs2:fs2-io_2.13 and co.fs2:fs2-io_3 to 3.13.0-M7; co.fs2:fs2-io_2.12 and co.fs2:fs2-io_2.13 and co.fs2:fs2-io_3 to 2.5.13.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Mavenco.fs2:fs2-io_2.12	Affected >=3.0.0-M1 <3.12.2	Fixed in 3.12.2
Mavenco.fs2:fs2-io_2.12	Affected >=3.13.0-M1 <3.13.0-M7	Fixed in 3.13.0-M7
Mavenco.fs2:fs2-io_2.13	Affected >=3.0.0-M1 <3.12.2	Fixed in 3.12.2
Mavenco.fs2:fs2-io_2.13	Affected >=3.13.0-M1 <3.13.0-M7	Fixed in 3.13.0-M7
Mavenco.fs2:fs2-io_3	Affected >=3.0.0-M1 <3.12.2	Fixed in 3.12.2
Mavenco.fs2:fs2-io_3	Affected >=3.13.0-M1 <3.13.0-M7	Fixed in 3.13.0-M7

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

Apply the official patches by upgrading to fs2 versions 3.12.2, 3.13.0-M7, or 2.5.13 where the issue is fixed. There are no known workarounds. Ensure your server dependencies are updated accordingly to prevent denial of service via this vulnerability.

Description

A vulnerability in the fs2-io library on the JVM can cause a CPU spin loop during the TLS handshake if one side of a connection half-shuts down the socket write while the peer awaits more data. This results in high CPU usage until the connection is closed, enabling a denial of service attack by exhausting server resources. The issue affects fs2-io versions prior to 3.12.2 and 3.13.0-M7, as well as versions before 2.5.13.

Impact

An attacker can cause a denial of service by opening multiple connections and placing them in a half-shutdown state during the TLS handshake, causing the server to consume excessive CPU resources due to a spin loop on socket reads. This affects servers using fs2-io TLS support, including ember-backed http4s HTTPS servers. There is no impact on confidentiality or integrity, but availability is degraded.

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: High
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
MITRE discourages mapping vulnerabilities to this broad entry; the root cause is usually a more specific weakness.
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place.
Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either: recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or; uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
File Upload (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.1.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XML Ping of the Death (opens in a new tab)
Regular Expression Exponential Blowup (opens in a new tab)
Sustained Client Engagement (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 4 Nov 2026, 18:43 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-400

Technical details

References

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