CVE-2024-27860 is a vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that allows a local application to read restricted memory regions due to improper memory handling, specifically an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125). This flaw enables an attacker with limited privileges on the system to access sensitive information stored in memory that should otherwise be protected. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require that the attacker has some level of local access (low attack complexity and privileges required). The confidentiality impact is high because sensitive data could be exposed, but integrity and availability are not affected. The vulnerability was addressed by Apple in macOS Sequoia 15 through improved memory management techniques that prevent unauthorized memory reads. No exploits have been observed in the wild, indicating it is not actively weaponized yet. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5, reflecting a medium severity level due to the local access requirement and lack of impact on integrity or availability. This vulnerability is relevant for all macOS users, especially organizations relying on Apple hardware for sensitive operations, as it could lead to data leakage if exploited.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2024-27860 is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information stored in memory by applications running on macOS devices. This could include credentials, encryption keys, or other confidential data, which could then be leveraged for further attacks or espionage. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and technology, which often use macOS systems, may face increased risks of data breaches or intellectual property theft. While the vulnerability does not allow code execution or system disruption, the confidentiality breach alone can have serious compliance and reputational consequences under regulations like GDPR. The requirement for local access limits remote exploitation, but insider threats or compromised endpoints could still exploit this vulnerability. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the need for timely patching.

European organizations should prioritize updating all macOS systems to macOS Sequoia 15 or later, where the vulnerability is fixed. Until updates are applied, restrict local application privileges by enforcing strict access controls and application whitelisting to minimize the risk of untrusted code running locally. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious local activity that could indicate attempts to exploit memory disclosure. Conduct regular audits of user privileges and remove unnecessary local access rights. Educate users about the risks of running untrusted applications and maintain strong physical security controls to prevent unauthorized local access. Additionally, implement memory protection mechanisms and sandboxing where possible to limit the impact of potential memory disclosure. Finally, maintain an up-to-date inventory of macOS devices and ensure timely deployment of security patches.