CVE-2024-40861 is a privilege escalation vulnerability in Apple macOS identified as CWE-269 (Improper Privilege Management). The vulnerability allows a local application to gain root privileges by exploiting insufficient system checks. This means that an attacker with local access and the ability to execute an app can escalate their privileges to the highest level, bypassing normal security controls. The vulnerability requires user interaction (such as running the malicious app) but does not require prior authentication or elevated privileges. The issue affects unspecified versions of macOS prior to the release of macOS Sequoia 15, where Apple has implemented improved checks to prevent this escalation. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 indicates a high severity, with the vector showing local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No public exploits have been reported yet, but the potential for full system compromise makes this a critical concern for users and organizations relying on macOS. The vulnerability could be leveraged by malicious insiders or attackers who have gained limited access to a system, enabling them to take full control and potentially move laterally or exfiltrate sensitive data.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2024-40861 is significant due to the potential for complete system compromise on macOS devices. Organizations that rely on macOS for critical business operations, software development, or handle sensitive personal or corporate data face risks to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could install persistent malware, steal intellectual property, or disrupt services. The requirement for local access and user interaction somewhat limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments where users may be tricked into running malicious apps or where insider threats exist. The impact is heightened in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and technology, where data sensitivity and regulatory compliance are paramount. Additionally, the vulnerability could be used as a foothold for broader network compromise within organizations that integrate macOS devices into their infrastructure.

To mitigate CVE-2024-40861, European organizations should prioritize upgrading all macOS devices to macOS Sequoia 15, where the vulnerability is patched. Until upgrades are fully deployed, organizations should enforce strict application control policies, limiting the installation and execution of untrusted or unsigned applications. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting suspicious local privilege escalation attempts. User education is critical to reduce the risk of social engineering that could lead to running malicious apps. Implementing least privilege principles and restricting local user permissions can reduce the attack surface. Regularly audit and monitor macOS systems for unusual activity, such as unexpected privilege escalations or new root-level processes. Organizations should also maintain robust backup and recovery procedures to mitigate potential damage from exploitation.