CVE-2024-41595 is a vulnerability identified in DrayTek Vigor310 series devices running firmware versions up to 4.3.2.6. The issue arises due to missing bounds checks on read and write operations within the device's .cgi web interface pages. Specifically, the vulnerability allows a remote attacker with low privileges (authenticated access) to perform out-of-bounds read and write operations, which can lead to unauthorized modification of device settings or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. The underlying weaknesses correspond to CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) and CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write), indicating that the device firmware does not properly validate input sizes or memory boundaries when processing requests. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.0, reflecting high severity, with attack vector as adjacent network (AV:A), low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring privileges (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). This means an attacker with some level of access to the device's network segment can exploit the vulnerability without user interaction to fully compromise the device's configuration or disrupt its operation. No public patches or exploits are currently known, but the vulnerability's nature suggests that exploitation could lead to significant operational impact, including loss of device control or network outages. The affected devices are commonly used in small to medium business and enterprise environments for network routing and VPN services, making this a critical concern for network security.

The impact of CVE-2024-41595 is substantial for organizations using DrayTek Vigor310 devices. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized changes in device configuration, potentially allowing attackers to manipulate network routing, firewall rules, or VPN settings, thereby compromising network security and data confidentiality. Additionally, the ability to cause denial of service can disrupt network availability, affecting business operations and productivity. Since the vulnerability requires only low-level privileges and no user interaction, it lowers the barrier for attackers who have network access, increasing the risk of internal or lateral attacks within corporate networks. Organizations relying on these devices for critical network infrastructure may face increased exposure to espionage, data breaches, or service outages. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the high severity score underscores the urgency of addressing this vulnerability to prevent potential exploitation.

To mitigate CVE-2024-41595 effectively, organizations should take the following specific actions: 1) Immediately identify all DrayTek Vigor310 devices within the network and document their firmware versions. 2) Monitor DrayTek’s official channels for firmware updates or patches addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. 3) Restrict network access to the management interfaces of affected devices by implementing strict access control lists (ACLs) limiting access to trusted administrators and management networks only. 4) Employ network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from general user networks and untrusted zones to reduce attack surface exposure. 5) Enable and review detailed logging on the devices to detect unusual configuration changes or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Consider deploying intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics tuned to detect anomalous .cgi requests or out-of-bounds memory access attempts targeting these devices. 7) Educate network administrators about the vulnerability and enforce strong authentication mechanisms to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 8) As a longer-term measure, evaluate the security posture of network infrastructure devices and consider alternatives or upgrades that provide stronger security guarantees and timely patching support.