CVE-2024-44305 is a vulnerability in Apple macOS that allows an application with limited privileges to escalate to root privileges due to improper authorization checks, classified under CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization). The vulnerability was addressed by Apple through the removal of the vulnerable code in macOS Sonoma 14.6. The issue allows local privilege escalation without requiring user interaction, making it a significant threat for attackers who have already gained limited access to a system. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) indicates that the attack requires local access with low complexity, minimal privileges, and no user interaction, but can result in full system compromise affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no exploits have been reported in the wild yet, the potential for abuse is high given the ability to gain root privileges. The vulnerability affects unspecified macOS versions prior to 14.6, so any system not updated is at risk. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous in environments where multiple users share systems or where attackers can gain initial footholds through other means, as it enables full system control escalation. The fix involves updating to the patched version of macOS, which removes the vulnerable code path. Organizations should also audit local app permissions and restrict installation of untrusted applications to reduce risk.

The impact of CVE-2024-44305 is significant, as it enables local attackers or malicious applications to escalate privileges to root, granting full control over the affected macOS system. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification or deletion of critical system files, installation of persistent malware, and disruption of system availability. For organizations, this vulnerability can compromise endpoint security, enabling attackers to bypass security controls, evade detection, and move laterally within networks. The ability to gain root privileges without user interaction and with low complexity increases the likelihood of exploitation once an attacker gains local access. This elevates the risk for enterprises, government agencies, and any environment relying on macOS devices, especially those handling sensitive or regulated data. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, making timely patching critical to prevent future attacks.

To mitigate CVE-2024-44305, organizations should immediately update all macOS devices to version Sonoma 14.6 or later, where the vulnerability has been fixed by removing the vulnerable code. Restricting local application installation to trusted sources and enforcing strict application whitelisting policies can reduce the risk of malicious apps exploiting this vulnerability. Implementing endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring for unusual privilege escalation behaviors can help detect exploitation attempts. Regularly auditing user privileges and limiting local user accounts to the minimum necessary permissions will reduce the attack surface. Additionally, organizations should educate users about the risks of installing untrusted software and maintain robust backup and recovery procedures to mitigate damage from potential compromises. Network segmentation and limiting local access to critical systems can also help contain potential exploitation.