CVE-2024-49202 is an access control vulnerability in Keyfactor Command, a certificate lifecycle management platform. The issue arises from over-permissioned access tokens that grant more privileges than intended, violating the principle of least privilege. This misconfiguration can allow an attacker with low-level privileges to perform unauthorized actions, potentially leading to data exposure (high confidentiality impact), limited integrity compromise, and partial availability disruption. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-276, indicating incorrect default permissions or access control settings. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L) reflects that the attack can be performed remotely over the network with low complexity, requiring only low privileges and no user interaction, affecting the same security scope. The vulnerability affects all Keyfactor Command versions before 12.5.0, with multiple fixed versions released, including 11.5.1.1 through 24.4.0. Although no active exploits have been reported, the nature of the vulnerability makes it a significant risk for unauthorized access and potential lateral movement within affected environments. Organizations using Keyfactor Command for managing digital certificates and cryptographic keys should consider this vulnerability critical due to the sensitive nature of the data and operations involved.

The vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive certificate management functions, potentially allowing attackers to view, modify, or revoke certificates improperly. This compromises the confidentiality of cryptographic assets and may undermine trust in the organization's PKI infrastructure. Integrity impact is moderate as attackers might perform limited unauthorized actions, while availability impact is also limited but possible if attackers disrupt certificate issuance or revocation processes. Exploitation ease is high due to low complexity and no user interaction required, increasing the risk of compromise. Organizations relying on Keyfactor Command for securing digital identities, encryption, and authentication mechanisms face increased risk of data breaches, impersonation attacks, and disruption of secure communications. The vulnerability could facilitate further attacks within the network if attackers leverage elevated privileges gained through over-permissioned tokens.

1. Immediately upgrade Keyfactor Command to one of the fixed versions: 11.5.1.1, 11.5.2.1, 11.5.3.1, 11.5.4.5, 11.5.6.1, 11.6.0, 12.2.0.1, 12.3.0.1, 12.4.0.1, 12.5.0, or 24.4.0. 2. Review and audit access token permissions to ensure they follow the principle of least privilege, removing any unnecessary permissions. 3. Implement network segmentation and restrict access to Keyfactor Command management interfaces to trusted administrators and systems only. 4. Monitor logs for unusual access patterns or privilege escalations related to certificate management operations. 5. Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all administrative access to reduce risk from compromised credentials. 6. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on access control mechanisms within Keyfactor Command. 7. Educate administrators on secure token handling and the risks of over-permissioned tokens to prevent recurrence.