CVE-2025-11344 is a vulnerability in the Certificate Import Handler component of the ILIAS learning management system (LMS) affecting versions up to 8.23, 9.13, and 10.1. The vulnerability stems from improper handling of input that leads to code injection, categorized under CWE-94, which involves the unsafe generation or execution of code based on attacker-controlled input. This flaw enables remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected system without requiring authentication or privileges, although user interaction is necessary to trigger the exploit. The attack vector is network-based, allowing exploitation from remote locations. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting the ease of exploitation (low attack complexity), lack of required privileges, but the need for user interaction and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability affects a broad range of ILIAS versions, indicating a long-standing issue in the Certificate Import Handler component. The vendor has addressed the vulnerability in versions 8.24, 9.14, and 10.2 by presumably fixing input validation and sanitization mechanisms. No public exploits or active exploitation campaigns have been reported yet, but the potential for remote code execution makes this a significant risk for organizations relying on ILIAS for e-learning and certificate management.

For European organizations, especially educational institutions, government agencies, and enterprises using ILIAS as their LMS, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized remote code execution. Successful exploitation could lead to compromise of the LMS server, enabling attackers to access sensitive educational data, manipulate course content, or disrupt service availability. Although the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated low, the ability to execute arbitrary code remotely without authentication elevates the threat level. This could facilitate lateral movement within networks, data exfiltration, or deployment of further malware. The widespread use of ILIAS in European universities and public sector organizations increases the potential attack surface. Additionally, disruption of e-learning platforms could impact educational continuity and trust. The lack of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk, but the vulnerability’s characteristics warrant urgent remediation to prevent future attacks.

Organizations should immediately upgrade affected ILIAS installations to versions 8.24, 9.14, or 10.2 where the vulnerability is patched. Until upgrades are applied, administrators should restrict network access to the Certificate Import Handler component, ideally isolating the LMS from untrusted networks. Implement strict input validation and sanitization at the application layer if possible, and monitor logs for unusual activity related to certificate imports. Employ network-level protections such as web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting code injection. Conduct regular security audits and penetration tests focusing on LMS components. Educate users about the risks of interacting with untrusted content to reduce the likelihood of triggering user interaction-based exploits. Maintain up-to-date backups of LMS data to enable recovery in case of compromise. Finally, stay informed about any emerging exploit developments or additional patches from the vendor.