CVE-2025-11945VulnerabilityPublished 19 Oct 2025Updated 22 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-11945: toeverything AFFiNE · Cross Site Scripting

Affects toeverything AFFiNESource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.1 Medium.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 25% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 19 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
npmtoeverything/affine`pkg:npm/toeverything/affine`Other threats	Affected =0.24.0 =0.24.1	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

1. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on the Avatar Upload Image Endpoint to reject any scripts or malicious payloads embedded in image metadata or filenames. 2. Restrict allowed file types and enforce content-type validation to only permit safe image formats (e.g., JPEG, PNG). 3. Use Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit the execution of inline scripts and reduce the impact of XSS. 4. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with rules to detect and block common XSS payloads targeting the upload endpoint. 5. Educate users about phishing and social engineering risks related to clicking on untrusted avatars or images. 6. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity related to avatar uploads or script execution attempts. 7. If possible, sandbox or isolate the avatar rendering component to limit script execution scope. 8. Engage with the vendor or community to encourage patch development and share threat intelligence. 9. Consider temporary disabling avatar upload features if the risk is deemed unacceptable until a patch is available.

Description

A vulnerability was identified in toeverything AFFiNE up to 0.24.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Avatar Upload Image Endpoint. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized script execution in users’ browsers, resulting in session hijacking, data theft, or unauthorized actions performed on behalf of users. This is particularly concerning for organizations relying on AFFiNE for internal collaboration, social networking, or customer engagement, where avatars and user-uploaded images are common. The attack could compromise user credentials or sensitive information, leading to reputational damage and potential regulatory non-compliance under GDPR if personal data is exposed. The medium severity reflects limited impact on system integrity and availability but significant confidentiality risks. Since the exploit requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering could be used to lure victims. The absence of vendor patches means organizations must rely on internal mitigations, increasing operational burden. The presence of a public exploit raises the likelihood of opportunistic attacks, especially in sectors with high-value targets such as finance, government, and critical infrastructure within Europe.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 26 Oct 2025, 22:00 UTC

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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