CVE-2025-12119 is a vulnerability identified in the MongoDB C Driver, specifically affecting versions 1.9.0 and 2.0.0. The issue is classified as an expired pointer dereference (CWE-825), which occurs when the mongoc_bulk_operation_t structure reads invalid memory due to improper handling of large options passed to it. This type of vulnerability can lead to undefined behavior, including potential application crashes or memory corruption. The vulnerability requires local access with low privileges (PR:L) and does not require user interaction (UI:N). The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning exploitation is limited to users or processes with access to the affected system. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The impact is primarily on confidentiality and availability, with high impact on confidentiality (VC:H) and low impact on availability (VA:L), while integrity impact is none (VI:N). No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches are currently linked, suggesting that remediation may require vendor updates or workarounds. The vulnerability could affect applications embedding the MongoDB C Driver or using it in local environments where bulk operations with large options are performed. Given the nature of the flaw, exploitation could lead to memory disclosure or denial of service conditions, but remote exploitation is not feasible without local access.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-12119 depends on their use of the MongoDB C Driver in affected versions. Organizations embedding this driver in local applications or services that perform bulk operations with large options may face risks of application crashes or memory corruption, potentially leading to denial of service or leakage of sensitive data in memory. The requirement for local access and low privileges limits the threat to insider threats or compromised local accounts rather than remote attackers. However, in environments with shared access or multi-tenant systems, this could be leveraged to escalate impact. Critical infrastructure or financial institutions using MongoDB C Driver in embedded systems or custom applications should be particularly cautious. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk, but the medium severity rating warrants proactive mitigation to avoid future exploitation. Disruptions could affect service availability and data confidentiality, impacting compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR if sensitive data is exposed.

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Inventory and identify all applications and services using MongoDB C Driver versions 1.9.0 or 2.0.0, especially those performing bulk operations with large options. 2) Limit local access to systems running vulnerable versions to trusted users only, enforcing strict access controls and monitoring for suspicious activity. 3) Apply principle of least privilege to reduce the risk from low-privilege accounts. 4) Monitor application logs and system behavior for crashes or unusual memory errors that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5) Engage with MongoDB or vendor support channels to obtain patches or updates addressing this vulnerability as soon as they become available. 6) Consider implementing application-level input validation to restrict the size and complexity of options passed to bulk operations, reducing the chance of triggering the vulnerability. 7) Employ runtime memory protection tools or sanitizers during development and testing to detect invalid memory accesses. 8) Prepare incident response plans for potential denial of service or data leakage scenarios related to this vulnerability.