CVE-2025-12326 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the shawon100 RUET OJ online judge platform, affecting the /process.php file's POST request handler. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'un' parameter, which attackers can manipulate to inject malicious SQL statements. This injection flaw enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or disruption of service. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or privileges, increasing its exploitability. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) reflects network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and partial impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vendor has not provided patches or versioning information, complicating mitigation efforts. Although no active exploitation has been reported, public exploit code availability elevates the risk of future attacks. The lack of versioning and vendor response suggests potential challenges in identifying affected deployments and applying fixes. This vulnerability is particularly concerning for organizations relying on RUET OJ for programming competitions or educational assessments, as it could compromise sensitive user data or disrupt platform operations.

For European organizations, especially academic institutions and competitive programming platforms using RUET OJ, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data disclosure, data tampering, and service disruption. Attackers exploiting this flaw could access sensitive user information such as credentials, personal data, or contest results, undermining privacy and trust. Integrity violations could allow manipulation of contest submissions or results, affecting fairness and reputation. Availability impacts could disrupt platform accessibility, impeding educational activities. Given the remote, unauthenticated exploitability, attackers can launch attacks at scale, potentially targeting multiple institutions. The absence of vendor patches increases the window of exposure. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks like GDPR impose strict data protection requirements, and breaches resulting from this vulnerability could lead to legal and financial consequences for European entities. The medium severity rating indicates a significant but not critical threat, yet the ease of exploitation and potential impact on educational services warrant urgent attention.

European organizations should implement immediate mitigations including: 1) Applying input validation and sanitization on the 'un' parameter and all user inputs to prevent SQL injection. 2) Refactoring the codebase to use parameterized queries or prepared statements instead of dynamic SQL construction. 3) Deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting /process.php. 4) Monitoring database logs and application logs for anomalous queries or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 5) Isolating the RUET OJ platform within segmented network zones to limit lateral movement if compromised. 6) Conducting security audits and penetration testing focused on injection vulnerabilities. 7) Engaging with the vendor or community to encourage patch development or sharing of secure versions. 8) Educating developers and administrators about secure coding practices and the risks of unsanitized inputs. 9) Considering temporary disabling or restricting access to vulnerable components until a patch is available. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on immediate code-level fixes, network defenses, and operational monitoring tailored to this specific vulnerability.