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VulnerabilityPublished Updated

CVE-2025-23161: Linux kernel · PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type

Source GCVE Database

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Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.5 Medium.

Data as of 4 Nov 2026, 18:12 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score
5.5Medium
How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Exploitation evidence

  1. Disclosed: evidence found.

    CVE published 1 May 2025

  2. Detectable: no evidence on record.

    No public nuclei template indexed

  3. Weaponized: no evidence on record.

    No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB

  4. Exploited in the wild: no evidence on record.

    Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation

  5. Observed by OffSeq Mirage: no evidence on record.

    No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 4 Nov 2026.

What to do

AI-suggested

A fix is available that changes the vmd_dev::cfg_lock to a raw_spinlock_t type. Users should apply the official Linux kernel patch that addresses this issue. Since this is a kernel-level fix, upgrading to a patched kernel version is the recommended mitigation.

Description

CVE-2025-23161 addresses a vulnerability in the Linux kernel's PCI subsystem where the vmd_dev::cfg_lock was incorrectly typed as a sleeping spinlock (spinlock_t) instead of a raw spinlock (raw_spinlock_t). This caused a bug when the lock was acquired with interrupts disabled in a PREEMPT_RT context, leading to a sleeping function being called from an invalid context and potentially causing a kernel crash or denial of service.

References

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